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PHM 604- Dermatology and Glaucoma > Conjunctivitis > Flashcards

Conjunctivitis Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis culprit agents

A

S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis

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2
Q

Clinical presentation of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Starts in one eye but can spread to both
Morning crusting that continues throughout the day with thick “pus” that’s yellow, white, or green (the eye may be stuck shut in the morning)

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3
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis treatment: first-line treatment options

A

Erythromycin 5mg/g ointment; 1/2 inch QID x5-7 days

TMP/polymixin B 0.1%/10,000 units/g drops; 1-2 gtts QID x5-7 days

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4
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis treatment: treatment options for patients who wear contacts

A

Ofloxacin 0.3%; 1-2 gtts QID x5-7 days

Ciprofloxacin 0.3%; 1-2 gtts QID x5-7 days

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5
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis symptoms

A

Intense itching, hyperemia, tearing, chemosis, eyelid edema

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6
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis is what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

type I

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7
Q

Acute allergic conjunctivitis (AAC) definition

A

Most common allergic type with fast onset symptoms within 30 minutes of exposure. When exposure ends, symptoms will resolve within 24 hours

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8
Q

Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) definition

A

AKA hay fever; symptoms similar to AAC plus rhinitis. Slower onset than AAC (often takes days to weeks) and associated with pollen season

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9
Q

Perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC) definition

A

Mild chronic waxing and waning year-round symptoms, often indoor allergens such as mites, animal dander, and mold

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10
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis nonpharmacologic treatment/prevention

A

Don’t rub eyes, frequent cleaning and vacuuming, limit outdoor exposure, use AC, close car and home windows during pollen season, replace/clean/cover pillows, blankets, mattresses, carpets, curtains; use cool compresses and avoid wearing contacts if possible, refrigerated artificial tears

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11
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis medications

A

Naphazoline/pheniramine, azelastine, ketotifen, olopatadine

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12
Q

Naphazoline/pheniramine drug class

A

Vasoconstrictor/antihistamine

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13
Q

Naphazoline/pheniramine brand names

A

Naphcon-A, Opcon-A

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14
Q

Naphazoline/pheniramine dosing

A

1-2gtts BID for up to 2 weeks

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15
Q

Azelastine, ketotifen, olopatadine drug class

A

Antihistamines with mast cell stabilizing property

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16
Q

Azelastine brand name

A

Optivar

17
Q

Ketotifen brand name

A

Zaditor

18
Q

Olopatadine brand name

A

Patanol

19
Q

Azelastine and Ketotifen dosing

A

1 gtt BID

20
Q

Olopatadine dosing

A

Varies by strength

21
Q

Why are mast cell stabilizers not preferred for allergic conjunctivitis treatment?

A

Long onset of action and used QID

22
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis medications: glucocorticoids

A

Can be used under ophthalmologist supervision in patients with glaucoma, cataracts, or secondary infection

23
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis medications: NSAIDs

A

Have lower efficacy (so not exactly the best treatment option)

24
Q

What is viral conjunctivitis caused by?

A

Mostly adenovirus

25
Q

Characteristics of viral conjunctivitis

A

Self-limiting (Sx will get worse before it gets better), will start in one eye and the second will be involved in 24-48 hours

26
Q

Symptoms of viral conjunctivitis

A

Watery, mucoserous discharge with morning crusting but scant mucous during the day; there can be profuse tearing as well, enlarged, tender, preauricular nodes

27
Q

Viral conjunctivitis treatment: supportive care

A

Cold compresses, non-ABX lubricating ointments

28
Q

Viral conjunctivitis Tx: OTC antihistamines/decongestant drops (what does it do?)

A

Only treats the symptoms

29
Q

Counseling for viral conjunctivitis

A

Sx will get worse before they get better, takes about 3 days and may persist

30
Q

Viral conjunctivitis is part of the viral prodrome, which includes what 3 things?

A

Fever, pharyngitis, URI

31
Q

Viral conjunctivitis pharmacologic treatment:

A

Same as allergic conjunctivitis- Naphazolone/pheniramine, azelastine, olopatadine, ketotifen

32
Q

Toxic conjunctivitis definition

A

Damage to ocular tissues from preservatives or meds

33
Q

Time it takes to develop toxic conjunctivitis

A

Days-years; dose-response relationship

34
Q

Causes of toxic conjunctivitis

A

Contact lens solution, artificial tears, topical eye meds, AG ABX, antiviral agents, glaucoma meds, topical anesthetics, makeup

35
Q

Symptoms of toxic conjunctivitis

A

Redness, edema, mucous discharge, swollen and thickened eyelids

36
Q

Diagnosis of toxic conjunctivitis

A

Injection in patients; toxic conjunctivitis is confirmed when the eye drops are D/C’ed and the symptoms resolve

37
Q

Toxic conjunctivitis treatment: non-pharmacological

A

D/C topical medications containing preservatives

38
Q

Toxic conjunctivitis treatment: pharmacological

A

Short-course loteprednol or other minimally preserved topical corticosteroids BID-QID; also use non-benzalkonium chloride-containing formulations of topical medications

39
Q

Overall prevention strategies for conjunctivitis

A

Wash hands, keep eyes clean, change pillowcases, towels, washcloths, pillows daily during infection and wash them separately, don’t share eye makeup, avoid allergens and rubbing eyes

PHM 604- Dermatology and Glaucoma (9 decks)

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