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Ophthalmology > Conjunctiva > Flashcards

Conjunctiva Flashcards

1
Q

Give the layers of the conjunctiva

A
  1. PTF (Pre-corneal/preconjunctival tear film)
  2. Epithelium (with goblet cells)
  3. Substantia propria (immunological processes)
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2
Q

Blood vessels of the conjunctiva: Summary

A
  • Superficial & deep systems → Communication
  • These two systems can be distinguished when engorged
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3
Q

Conjunctival vessels: Appearance

A
  • Bright red; Branch-like & tortuous
  • Mobile with the conjunctiva

May be cleared with topical adrenaline

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4
Q

Ciliary vessels: Appearance

A
  • Dark red; brush-like; short & straight
  • Vessels are stationary

Topical adrenaline has Ø effect

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5
Q

List the notable lesions of the conjunctiva

A
  1. Conjunctival dermoid
  2. Conjunctival cyst
  3. Symblepharon
  4. Conjunctivitis
  5. Traumatic injury
  6. Tumours
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6
Q

Notable lesion of the conjunctiva: Conjunctival dermoid

A

Skin tissue is present on the conjunctiva

  • Developmental abnormality → Hereford cattle
  • CSx: Irritation, lacrimation & inflammation
  • Tx: Removal, repair & realignment
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7
Q

Conjunctival cyst: Aetiology

A
  • Ectopy of glandular tissue
  • Obstruction of the conjunctival duct glands
  • Trauma
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8
Q

Conjunctival cyst: Signs to look for

A
  • Fluid-filled swelling
  • Ø Inflammation
  • Additional dx methods:
    • Aspiration: Clear, water-like fluid
    • Ultrasound
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9
Q

Conjunctival cyst: Treatment

A

Surgical resection

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10
Q

Notable lesion of the conjunctiva: Symblepharon

A

Adhesion of any portion of the conjunctiva to itself or to the cornea

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11
Q

Symblepharon: Aetiology

A
  1. Severe (viral) conjunctivitis
  2. Epithelial loss
  3. Adhesions
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12
Q

Symblepharon: Signs to look for

A
  • Adhesions
  • The cornea is covered by the conjunctiva
  • Inhibition of the eyelid’s movement
  • Inadequate widening of the palpebral fissure
  • Ø Vision
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13
Q

Symblepharon: Treatment

A

Surgery

If the condition is reoccurring

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14
Q

Notable lesion of the conjunctiva: Conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva

  • Primary: Ø Involvement of other ocular structures
  • Secondary: Sequel of other ocular/systemic inflammation
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15
Q

Conjunctivitis: Causes

A
  • Pathogenic
  • Allergic
  • Chemical
  • Traumatic
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16
Q

Conjunctivitis: Duration

A
  • Acute
  • Subacute
  • Chronic
17
Q

Conjunctivitis: Appearance

A
  • Serous
  • Mucoid; Mucopurulent; purulent
  • Haemorrhagic
  • Follicular
  • Fibroplastic
18
Q

Conjunctivitis: Signs to look for

A
  • Hyperaemia
  • Chemosis
  • Discharge
  • Hemorrhage
  • Follicle-formation
  • Pruritis
19
Q

Conjunctivitis: Additional diagnostic methods

A
  • Culturing
  • Scraping
  • Biopsy
20
Q

Conjunctivitis: Treatment (bacterial cause)

A
  • ABx
  • ABx & Steroid combination if chronic
  • Warm compress & cleaning
21
Q

Conjunctivitis: Treatment (viral cause)

A

Non-specific tx

22
Q

Conjunctivitis: Treatment (fungal cause)

A
  • Systemic antifungal drugs
  • Long-term tx
23
Q

Conjunctivitis: Treatment (parasitic cause)

A
  • Manual parasite removal
  • Systemic antiparasicides
  • Fly repellants
  • Topical/subconjunctival steroids (if chronic)
24
Q

Conjunctivitis: Treatment (allergic cause)

A

Topical/subconjunctival/systemic steroids

25
Q

Conjunctivitis: Treatment (chemical cause)

A
  • Special eyewashes (EDTA)
  • Artificial tear antibiotics
26
Q

Conjunctivitis: Treatment (traumatic cause)

A
  • Antibiotics; NSAIDS
  • Severe cases: Sx
27
Q

Conjunctival traumatic injury: Signs to look for

A

Bleeding; laceration; emphysema

28
Q

Conjunctival traumatic injury: Treatment

A

Medical management or surgery

29
Q

Conjunctival tumour: Incidence

A

Common in Bo. & Ca.

Bo.: Squamous cell carcinoma; haemangioma; haemangiosarcoma

Ca.: Papilloma

30
Q

Conjunctival tumour: Treatment

A
  • Large animal: Dependent on the value of the animal
  • Small animal: Surgery

Ophthalmology (9 decks)

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