Conjunctions

Question 1

conjunction

• one of the eight parts of speech
• used as a connector between grammatically related words or phrases
• there are two kinds depending on whether that relationship is equal or unequal: coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions

Answer 1

une conjonction

Question 2

according to, depending on (conjunctive phrase)

ex. her mood swings are unpredictable, and her reactions vary according to whether she’s had enough sleep

Answer 2

selon que

ex. ses sautes d’humeur sont imprévisibles, et ses réactions varient selon qu’elle ait assez dormi ou non

Question 3

after, when (conjunctive phrase)

ex. she went for a run after she finished her work

Answer 3

après que

ex. elle est allée courir après qu’elle a terminé son travail

Question 4

although (conjunctive phrase) *requires subjunctive

ex. he went for a run, although it was raining outside

Answer 4

bien que

ex. il est allé courir, bien que il pleuvait dehors

Question 5

and (coordination conjunction)

ex. i like both tea and coffee, and I often switch between the two

Answer 5

et

ex. j’aime à la fois le thé et le café, et je passe souvent de l’un à l’autre

Question 6

as (used progressively) (conjunctive phrase)

ex. his confidence grew as he gained experience

Answer 6

à mesure que

ex. sa confiance grandissait à mesure qu’il acquérait de l’expérience

Question 7

as if (conjunctive phrase)

ex. she acted calm, as if nothing had happened

Answer 7

comme si

ex. elle agissait calmement, comme si rien ne s’était passé

Question 8

as long as (conjunctive phrase)

ex. you can stay as long as you follow the rules

Answer 8

tant que

ex. tu peux rester tant que tu respectes les règles

Question 9

as soon as (conjunctive phrase) (more formal)

ex. i will start working on the project as soon as i receive the necessary information

Answer 9

sitôt que

• much more formal than dès que and most likely used in formal situations or in literature

ex. je commencerai à travailler sur le projet sitôt que je recevrai les informations nécessaires

Question 10

as soon as (conjunctive phrase) ***may require the future

ex. she’ll call you as soon as she arrives home

Answer 10

dès que

ex. elle t’appellera dès qu’elle arrivera chez elle

Question 11

as soon as (conjunctive phrase) (slight strong sense of immediacy) ***may require the future

ex. she’ll call you as soon as she finishes her meeting

Answer 11

aussitôt que

ex. elle t’appellera aussitôt qu’elle aura terminé sa réunion

Question 12

such as, as (subordinating conjunction)

ex. she enjoys outdoor activities, such as hiking and cycling
ex. he faced the challenge as if there were no difficulty

Answer 12

comme

ex. elle aime les activités de plein air, comme la randonnée et le vélo
ex. il a relevé le défi comme s’il n’y avait aucune difficulté

Question 13

assuming that (conjunctive phrase) *requires subjunctive

ex. assuming that you finish your work on time, we can proceed as planned

Answer 13

en admettant que

ex. en admettant que vous finissiez votre travail à temps, nous pouvons continuer comme prévu

Question 14

assuming that, supposing that (conjunctive phrase)

ex. assuming that you finish the project on time, we can meet the deadline

Answer 14

à supposer que

ex. à supposer que tu termines le projet à temps, nous pouvons respecter la date limite

Question 15

at the same time that (conjunctive phrase)

ex. i’ll cook dinner in the kitchen, while you set the table in the dining room

Answer 15

en même temps que

ex. je préparerai le dîner en même temps que tu mettras la table dans la salle à manger

Question 16

because (conjunctive phrase)

ex. i stayed indoors because it was raining

Answer 16

parce que

ex. je suis resté à l’intérieur parce que c’était en train de pleuvoir

Question 17

before (conjunctive phrase) **requires subjunctive and triggers ne explétif

ex. finish your homework before you go out to play

Answer 17

avant que

ex. termine tes devoirs avant que tu ne sortes jouer

Question 18

but (coordination conjunction)

ex. she wanted to go to the movies, but it started raining, so she stayed home

Answer 18

mais

ex. elle voulait aller au cinéma, mais il a commencé à pleuvoir, alors elle est restée à la maison

Question 19

conjunctive phrases

• two or more words often join to create a conjunctive phrase, connecting two independent clauses
• most conjunctive phrases end in que; the rest in où, si, or même

ex. we’ll eat now so that you can leave early
ex. even though i’m tired, i’m going to finish this work

Answer 19

ex. on mangera maintenant afin que tu partes de bonne heure
ex. bien que je suis fatiqué, je vais finir ce travail

Question 20

coordinating conjunction

•small words that connect two or more grammatically equivalent words or phrases
• the connected words might be adjectives, nouns, adverbs, verbs, or independent clauses; the important thing is that they’re equal and each one serves the same function in the sentence

ex. he’s young and handsome. (“and” connects two adjectives: young and handsome)
ex. do you want coffee, tea, or hot chocolate? (“or” connects three nouns: coffee, tea, and hot chocolate)
ex. I read it, but I didn’t understand a thing. (“but” connects two equal clauses: i read it and i didn’t understand a thing)

Answer 20

une conjonction de coordination

ex. il est jeune et beau. (“et” connects two adjectives: jeune and beau)
ex. veux-tu un café, un thé ou un chocolat? (“ou” is joining three nouns: café, thé, and chocolat)
ex. je l’ai lu, mais je n’ai rien compris. (“mais” is the connection between two equal clauses: je l’ai lu and je n’ai rien compris)

Question 21

even if (conjunctive phrase)

ex. even if it rains, we will go to the beach

Answer 21

même si

ex. même si il pleut, nous irons à la plage

Question 22

even though (conjunctive phrase) *requires subjunctive

ex. even though it’s raining, we’ll still go for a hike

Answer 22

encore que

ex. encore que il pleuve, nous irons quand même faire une randonnée

Question 23

even though (subordinating conjunction)

ex. she decided to go for a walk, even though the weather was rainy

Answer 23

quoique

ex. elle a décidé de faire une promenade, quoique le temps fût pluvieux

Question 24

except that (conjunctive phrase)

ex. he enjoys all sports except that he doesn’t like swimming

Answer 24

sauf que

ex. il aime tous les sports sauf qu’il n’aime pas la natation

Question 25

for, because (coordination conjunction)

ex. i enjoy hiking, for it allows me to connect with nature
ex. she couldn’t attend the party, for she had a prior commitment

Answer 25

car

ex. j’aime la randonnée, car elle me permet de me connecter avec la nature
ex. elle ne pouvait pas assister à la fête, car elle avait un engagement préalable

Question 26

for fear that (conjunctive phrase) **requires subjunctive and triggers ne explétif

ex. she double-checked her work for fear that there were mistakes

Answer 26

de peur que

ex. elle a revérifié son travail de peur qu’il y ait des erreurs

Question 27

if (subordinating conjunction)

ex. she’ll come to the party if she finishes her work on time

Answer 27

si

ex. elle viendra à la fête si elle termine son travail à temps

Question 28

in case (conjunctive phrase)

ex. bring an umbrella in case it rains during our walk

Answer 28

au cas où

ex. apporte un parapluie au cas où il pleuve pendant notre promenade

Question 29

in the event that (conjunctive phrase)

ex. he prepared for the meeting in the event that it would be crucial for the project

Answer 29

dans l’hypothèse où

ex. il s’est préparé pour la réunion dans l’hypothèse où elle serait cruciale pour le projet

Question 30

as well as (conjunctive phrase)

ex. she appreciates fine arts, as well as literature and music

Answer 30

ainsi que

ex. elle apprécie les beaux-arts, ainsi que la littérature et la musique

Question 31

meaning, that is to say (conjunctive phrase)

ex. he enjoys water sports, that is to say that he likes activities like surfing and kayaking

Answer 31

c’est-à-dire que

ex. il aime les sports nautiques, c’est-à-dire qu’il apprécie des activités comme le surf et le kayak

Question 32

and then, next (coordination conjunction)

ex. i finished my work, and then I went for a walk in the park

Answer 32

ensuite

ex. j’ai terminé mon travail, ensuite je suis allé me promener dans le parc

Question 33

nor (coordination conjunction)

ex. she neither likes coffee nor tea; her preferred beverage is herbal tea

Answer 33

ni

ex. elle n’aime ni le café ni le thé ; sa boisson préférée est une tisane

Question 34

or (coordination conjunction)

ex. a rhinoceros can have one or two horns

Answer 34

ou

ex. un rhinocéros peut avoir une ou deux cornes

Question 35

or else (coordination conjunction)

ex. we can go hiking this weekend, or else, we might consider a beach day

Answer 35

ou bien

ex. nous pouvons faire de la randonnée ce week-end, ou bien, nous pourrions envisager une journée à la plage

Question 36

plus (coordination conjunction)

ex. she ordered pasta for dinner, plus a side salad

Answer 36

plus

ex. elle a commandé des pâtes pour le dîner, plus une salade d’accompagnement

Question 37

provided that, on the condition
that (conjunctive phrase)

ex. you can borrow my car, provided that you return it before 6 p.m

Answer 37

à condition que

ex. tu peux emprunter ma voiture à condition que tu la ramènes avant 18 heures

Question 38

rather than (conjunctive phrase) *requires subjunctive

ex. i’ll have tea rather than coffee

Answer 38

plutôt que

ex. je prendrai du thé plutôt que du café

Question 39

rather than, instead of (conjunctive phrase) *requires subjunctive

ex. she decided to stay home instead of going out with friends

Answer 39

au lieu que

ex. elle a décidé de rester à la maison au lieu de sortir avec des amis

Question 40

since (conjunctive phrase)

ex. she started learning Spanish since she moved to Barcelona

Answer 40

depuis que

ex. elle a commencé à apprendre l’espagnol depuis qu’elle a déménagé à Barcelone

Question 41

since (subordinating conjunction)

ex. she decided to go for a run, since the weather was good

Answer 41

puisque

ex. elle a décidé d’aller courir, puisque le temps était beaux

Question 42

so (coordination conjunction)

ex. i forgot my keys at home, so I had to ask my neighbor for help

Answer 42

donc

ex. j’ai oublié mes clés à la maison, donc j’ai dû demander de l’aide à mon voisin

Question 43

so that (conjunctive phrase) *requires subjunctive

ex. she studied hard so that she could pass her exams

Answer 43

afin que

ex. elle a étudié dur afin qu’elle puisse réussir ses examens

Question 44

so that, in such a way that (conjunctive phrase) *requires subjunctive

ex. he worked hard so that he could achieve his goals

Answer 44

de sorte que

ex. il a travaillé dur de sorte qu’il puisse atteindre ses objectifs

Question 45

subordinating conjunction

• connects two unequal clauses: a main clause and a dependent or subordinate clause
• a main clause is a group of words that can stand alone, grammatically speaking, because it has a subject, verb, and possibly an object
• in contrast, a dependent clause cannot stand alone: it begins with a subordinating conjunction and therefore needs a main clause to prop it up

ex. I hope that you’re feeling better. (“I hope” is the main clause, “that” is the conjunction, and “you’re feeling better” is the dependent clause)
ex. when you’re ready, we’ll start. (“we’ll start” is the main clause, “when” is the conjunction, and “when you’re ready” is the dependent clause)
ex. I can go with you, if you like. (“I can go with you” is the main clause, “if” is the conjunction, and “if you like” is the dependent clause)

Answer 45

ex. j’espère que tu vas mieux. (“j’espère” is the main clause, “que” is the conjunction, and “que tu vas mieux” is the dependent clause)
ex. quand tu seras prêt, on commencera. (“on commencera” is the main clause, “quand” is the conjunction, and “quand tu seras prêt” is the dependent clause)
ex. je peux t’accompagner, si tu veux. (“je peux t’accompagner” is the main clause, “si” is the conjunction, and “si tu veux” is the dependent clause)

Question 46

that (subordinating conjunction)

ex. she found the book that she was looking for

Answer 46

que

ex. elle a trouvé le livre qu’elle cherchait

Question 47

then (coordination conjunction)

ex. she finished her homework, then she went to bed

Answer 47

puis

ex. elle a fini ses devoirs, puis elle est allée se coucher

Question 48

then as soon as, as soon as, then when (conjunctive phrase)

ex. then, as soon as autumn sets in and the temperatures drop, they all flee to the north Island

Answer 48

puis dès que

ex. puis dès que l’automne s’installe et que les températures chutent, ils déguerpissent tous dans l’ile du nord

Question 49

unless (conjunctive phrase)

ex. you can join us for lunch unless you have other plans

Answer 49

à moins que

ex. tu peux te joindre à nous pour le déjeuner à moins que tu aies d’autres projets

Question 50

until (conjunctive phrase) *requires subjunctive

ex. i will wait here until you return

Answer 50

jusqu’à ce que

ex. j’attendrai ici jusqu’à ce que tu reviennes

Question 51

whatever (conjunctive phrase) *requires subjunctive

ex. i’ll support you, whatever happens

Answer 51

quoi que

ex. je te soutiendrai, quoi qu’il arrive

Question 52

when (subordinating conjunction)

ex. he smiled at her when he noticed she was there

Answer 52

lorsque

ex. il lui sourit lorsqu’il remarqua qu’elle était là

Question 53

when (subordinating conjunction)

ex. he called her when he arrived home

Answer 53

quand

ex. il l’a appelée quand il est arrivé chez lui

Question 54

while (conjunctive phrase)

ex. i’ll read a book while you watch the movie

Answer 54

pendant que

ex. je lirai un livre pendant que tu regardes le film

Question 55

whereas (conjunctive phrase)

ex. i like reading books, whereas my sister prefers watching movies

Answer 55

tandis que

ex. j’aime lire des livres, tandis que ma sœur préfère regarder des films

Question 56

while, whereas (conjunctive phrase)

ex. she loves winter sports, while her brother prefers summer activities

Answer 56

alors que

ex. elle aime les sports d’hiver, alors que son frère préfère les activités estivales

Question 57

why (subordinating conjunction)

ex. she asked him why he was late for the meeting

Answer 57

pourquoi

ex. elle lui a demandé pourquoi il était en retard à la réunion

Question 58

without (conjunctive phrase) **requires subjunctive and triggers ne explétif

ex. he succeeded without anyone realizing

Answer 58

sans que

ex. il a réussi sans que personne ne s’en rende compte

Question 59

where

ex. i will go to the place where I can find peace

Answer 59

là où

ex. j’irai là où je pourrai trouver la paix