Conjunctions Flashcards

1
Q

conjunction

• one of the eight parts of speech
• used as a connector between grammatically related words or phrases
• there are two kinds depending on whether that relationship is equal or unequal: coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions

A

une conjonction

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2
Q

according to, depending on (conjunctive phrase)

ex. her mood swings are unpredictable, and her reactions vary according to whether she’s had enough sleep

A

selon que

ex. ses sautes d’humeur sont imprévisibles, et ses réactions varient selon qu’elle ait assez dormi ou non

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3
Q

after, when (conjunctive phrase)

ex. she went for a run after she finished her work

A

après que

ex. elle est allée courir après qu’elle a terminé son travail

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4
Q

although (conjunctive phrase) *requires subjunctive

ex. he went for a run, although it was raining outside

A

bien que

ex. il est allé courir, bien que il pleuvait dehors

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5
Q

and (coordination conjunction)

ex. i like both tea and coffee, and I often switch between the two

A

et

ex. j’aime à la fois le thé et le café, et je passe souvent de l’un à l’autre

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6
Q

as (used progressively) (conjunctive phrase)

ex. his confidence grew as he gained experience

A

à mesure que

ex. sa confiance grandissait à mesure qu’il acquérait de l’expérience

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7
Q

as if (conjunctive phrase)

ex. she acted calm, as if nothing had happened

A

comme si

ex. elle agissait calmement, comme si rien ne s’était passé

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8
Q

as long as (conjunctive phrase)

ex. you can stay as long as you follow the rules

A

tant que

ex. tu peux rester tant que tu respectes les règles

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9
Q

as soon as (conjunctive phrase) (more formal)

ex. i will start working on the project as soon as i receive the necessary information

A

sitôt que

• much more formal than dès que and most likely used in formal situations or in literature

ex. je commencerai à travailler sur le projet sitôt que je recevrai les informations nécessaires

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10
Q

as soon as (conjunctive phrase) ***may require the future

ex. she’ll call you as soon as she arrives home

A

dès que

ex. elle t’appellera dès qu’elle arrivera chez elle

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11
Q

as soon as (conjunctive phrase) (slight strong sense of immediacy) ***may require the future

ex. she’ll call you as soon as she finishes her meeting

A

aussitôt que

ex. elle t’appellera aussitôt qu’elle aura terminé sa réunion

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12
Q

such as, as (subordinating conjunction)

ex. she enjoys outdoor activities, such as hiking and cycling
ex. he faced the challenge as if there were no difficulty

A

comme

ex. elle aime les activités de plein air, comme la randonnée et le vélo
ex. il a relevé le défi comme s’il n’y avait aucune difficulté

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13
Q

assuming that (conjunctive phrase) *requires subjunctive

ex. assuming that you finish your work on time, we can proceed as planned

A

en admettant que

ex. en admettant que vous finissiez votre travail à temps, nous pouvons continuer comme prévu

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14
Q

assuming that, supposing that (conjunctive phrase)

ex. assuming that you finish the project on time, we can meet the deadline

A

à supposer que

ex. à supposer que tu termines le projet à temps, nous pouvons respecter la date limite

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15
Q

at the same time that (conjunctive phrase)

ex. i’ll cook dinner in the kitchen, while you set the table in the dining room

A

en même temps que

ex. je préparerai le dîner en même temps que tu mettras la table dans la salle à manger

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16
Q

because (conjunctive phrase)

ex. i stayed indoors because it was raining

A

parce que

ex. je suis resté à l’intérieur parce que c’était en train de pleuvoir

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17
Q

before (conjunctive phrase) **requires subjunctive and triggers ne explétif

ex. finish your homework before you go out to play

A

avant que

ex. termine tes devoirs avant que tu ne sortes jouer

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18
Q

but (coordination conjunction)

ex. she wanted to go to the movies, but it started raining, so she stayed home

A

mais

ex. elle voulait aller au cinéma, mais il a commencé à pleuvoir, alors elle est restée à la maison

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19
Q

conjunctive phrases

• two or more words often join to create a conjunctive phrase, connecting two independent clauses
• most conjunctive phrases end in que; the rest in où, si, or même

ex. we’ll eat now so that you can leave early
ex. even though i’m tired, i’m going to finish this work

A

ex. on mangera maintenant afin que tu partes de bonne heure
ex. bien que je suis fatiqué, je vais finir ce travail

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20
Q

coordinating conjunction

•small words that connect two or more grammatically equivalent words or phrases
• the connected words might be adjectives, nouns, adverbs, verbs, or independent clauses; the important thing is that they’re equal and each one serves the same function in the sentence

ex. he’s young and handsome. (“and” connects two adjectives: young and handsome)
ex. do you want coffee, tea, or hot chocolate? (“or” connects three nouns: coffee, tea, and hot chocolate)
ex. I read it, but I didn’t understand a thing. (“but” connects two equal clauses: i read it and i didn’t understand a thing)

A

une conjonction de coordination

ex. il est jeune et beau. (“et” connects two adjectives: jeune and beau)
ex. veux-tu un café, un thé ou un chocolat? (“ou” is joining three nouns: café, thé, and chocolat)
ex. je l’ai lu, mais je n’ai rien compris. (“mais” is the connection between two equal clauses: je l’ai lu and je n’ai rien compris)

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21
Q

even if (conjunctive phrase)

ex. even if it rains, we will go to the beach

A

même si

ex. même si il pleut, nous irons à la plage

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22
Q

even though (conjunctive phrase) *requires subjunctive

ex. even though it’s raining, we’ll still go for a hike

A

encore que

ex. encore que il pleuve, nous irons quand même faire une randonnée

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23
Q

even though (subordinating conjunction)

ex. she decided to go for a walk, even though the weather was rainy

A

quoique

ex. elle a décidé de faire une promenade, quoique le temps fût pluvieux

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24
Q

except that (conjunctive phrase)

ex. he enjoys all sports except that he doesn’t like swimming

A

sauf que

ex. il aime tous les sports sauf qu’il n’aime pas la natation

25
for, because (coordination conjunction) ex. i enjoy hiking, for it allows me to connect with nature ex. she couldn’t attend the party, because she had a prior commitment
car ex. j’aime la randonnée, car elle me permet de me connecter avec la nature ex. elle ne pouvait pas assister à la fête, car elle avait un engagement préalable
26
for fear that (conjunctive phrase) **requires subjunctive and triggers ne explétif ex. she double-checked her work for fear that there were mistakes
de peur que ex. elle a revérifié son travail de peur qu’il y ait des erreurs
27
if (subordinating conjunction) ex. she’ll come to the party if she finishes her work on time
si ex. elle viendra à la fête si elle termine son travail à temps
28
in case (conjunctive phrase) ex. bring an umbrella in case it rains during our walk
au cas où ex. apporte un parapluie au cas où il pleuve pendant notre promenade
29
in the event that (conjunctive phrase) ex. he prepared for the meeting in the event that it would be crucial for the project
dans l'hypothèse où ex. il s’est préparé pour la réunion dans l’hypothèse où elle serait cruciale pour le projet
30
as well as (conjunctive phrase) ex. she appreciates fine arts, as well as literature and music
ainsi que ex. elle apprécie les beaux-arts, ainsi que la littérature et la musique
31
meaning, that is to say (conjunctive phrase) ex. he enjoys water sports, that is to say that he likes activities like surfing and kayaking
c'est-à-dire que ex. il aime les sports nautiques, c’est-à-dire qu’il apprécie des activités comme le surf et le kayak
32
and then, next (coordination conjunction) ex. i finished my work, and then I went for a walk in the park
ensuite ex. j’ai terminé mon travail, ensuite je suis allé me promener dans le parc
33
nor (coordination conjunction) ex. she neither likes coffee nor tea; her preferred beverage is herbal tea
ni ex. elle n’aime ni le café ni le thé ; sa boisson préférée est une tisane
34
or (coordination conjunction) ex. a rhinoceros can have one or two horns
ou ex. un rhinocéros peut avoir une ou deux cornes
35
or else (coordination conjunction) ex. we can go hiking this weekend, or else, we might consider a beach day
ou bien ex. nous pouvons faire de la randonnée ce week-end, ou bien, nous pourrions envisager une journée à la plage
36
plus (coordination conjunction) ex. she ordered pasta for dinner, plus a side salad
plus ex. elle a commandé des pâtes pour le dîner, plus une salade d’accompagnement
37
provided that, on the condition that (conjunctive phrase) ex. you can borrow my car, provided that you return it before 6 p.m
à condition que ex. tu peux emprunter ma voiture à condition que tu la ramènes avant 18 heures
38
rather than (conjunctive phrase) *requires subjunctive ex. i’ll have tea rather than coffee
plutôt que ex. je prendrai du thé plutôt que du café
39
rather than, instead of (conjunctive phrase) *requires subjunctive ex. she decided to stay home instead of going out with friends
au lieu que ex. elle a décidé de rester à la maison au lieu de sortir avec des amis
40
since (conjunctive phrase) ex. she started learning Spanish since she moved to Barcelona
depuis que ex. elle a commencé à apprendre l’espagnol depuis qu’elle a déménagé à Barcelone
41
since (subordinating conjunction) ex. she decided to go for a run, since the weather was good
puisque ex. elle a décidé d’aller courir, puisque le temps était beaux
42
so (coordination conjunction) ex. i forgot my keys at home, so I had to ask my neighbor for help
donc ex. j’ai oublié mes clés à la maison, donc j’ai dû demander de l’aide à mon voisin
43
so that (conjunctive phrase) *requires subjunctive ex. she studied hard so that she could pass her exams
afin que ex. elle a étudié dur afin qu’elle puisse réussir ses examens
44
so that, in such a way that (conjunctive phrase) *requires subjunctive ex. he worked hard so that he could achieve his goals
de sorte que ex. il a travaillé dur de sorte qu’il puisse atteindre ses objectifs
45
subordinating conjunction • connects two unequal clauses: a main clause and a dependent or subordinate clause • a main clause is a group of words that can stand alone, grammatically speaking, because it has a subject, verb, and possibly an object • in contrast, a dependent clause cannot stand alone: it begins with a subordinating conjunction and therefore needs a main clause to prop it up ex. I hope that you're feeling better. ("I hope" is the main clause, "that" is the conjunction, and "you're feeling better" is the dependent clause) ex. when you're ready, we'll start. ("we'll start" is the main clause, "when" is the conjunction, and "when you're ready" is the dependent clause) ex. I can go with you, if you like. ("I can go with you" is the main clause, "if" is the conjunction, and "if you like" is the dependent clause)
ex. j’espère que tu vas mieux. (“j’espère” is the main clause, “que” is the conjunction, and “que tu vas mieux” is the dependent clause) ex. quand tu seras prêt, on commencera. (“on commencera” is the main clause, “quand” is the conjunction, and “quand tu seras prêt” is the dependent clause) ex. je peux t’accompagner, si tu veux. (“je peux t’accompagner” is the main clause, “si” is the conjunction, and “si tu veux” is the dependent clause)
46
that (subordinating conjunction) ex. she found the book that she was looking for
que ex. elle a trouvé le livre qu’elle cherchait
47
then (coordination conjunction) ex. she finished her homework, then she went to bed
puis ex. elle a fini ses devoirs, puis elle est allée se coucher
48
then as soon as, as soon as, then when (conjunctive phrase) ex. then, as soon as autumn sets in and the temperatures drop, they all flee to the north Island
puis dès que ex. puis dès que l'automne s'installe et que les températures chutent, ils déguerpissent tous dans l'ile du nord
49
unless (conjunctive phrase) ex. you can join us for lunch unless you have other plans
à moins que ex. tu peux te joindre à nous pour le déjeuner à moins que tu aies d’autres projets
50
until (conjunctive phrase) *requires subjunctive ex. i will wait here until you return
jusqu'à ce que ex. j’attendrai ici jusqu’à ce que tu reviennes
51
whatever (conjunctive phrase) *requires subjunctive ex. i’ll support you, whatever happens
quoi que ex. je te soutiendrai, quoi qu’il arrive
52
when (subordinating conjunction) ex. he smiled at her when he noticed she was there
lorsque ex. il lui sourit lorsqu'il remarqua qu'elle était là
53
when (subordinating conjunction) ex. he called her when he arrived home
quand ex. il l’a appelée quand il est arrivé chez lui
54
while (conjunctive phrase) ex. i’ll read a book while you watch the movie
pendant que ex. je lirai un livre pendant que tu regardes le film
55
whereas (conjunctive phrase) ex. i like reading books, whereas my sister prefers watching movies
tandis que ex. j’aime lire des livres, tandis que ma sœur préfère regarder des films
56
while, whereas (conjunctive phrase) ex. she loves winter sports, while her brother prefers summer activities
alors que ex. elle aime les sports d’hiver, alors que son frère préfère les activités estivales
57
why (subordinating conjunction) ex. she asked him why he was late for the meeting
pourquoi ex. elle lui a demandé pourquoi il était en retard à la réunion
58
without (conjunctive phrase) **requires subjunctive and triggers ne explétif ex. he succeeded without anyone realizing
sans que ex. il a réussi sans que personne ne s’en rende compte
59
where ex. i will go to the place where I can find peace
là où ex. j’irai là où je pourrai trouver la paix