Congestive Heart Failure Flashcards
What is congestive heart failure?
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a complex clinical syndrome caused by an abnormality of cardiac structure or function. This impairs the ability of the heart to pump blood to meet the needs of other organs. CHF often occurs because of hypertension, diabetes or other coronary diseases
How is congestive heart failure diagnosed?
- Echocardiogram
- patients’ history
- symptoms
- blood tests
- Chest X-Ray
- ECG or EKG
- Ejection fraction
- Exercise tests or stress tests
- CT of heart
- Cardiac MRI
- Coronary angiogram
- Myocardial biopsy
What is the New York Heart Association classification? of CHF?
Class 1 heart failure: There are no heart failure symptoms.
Class 2 heart failure. Everyday activities can be done without difficulty. But exertion causes shortness of breath or fatigue.
Class 3 heart failure. It’s difficult to complete everyday activities.
Class 4 heart failure. Shortness of breath occurs even at rest. This category includes the most severe heart failure.
What is the American college of cardiology/American heart association classification? of CHF?
Stage A. There are several risk factors for heart failure but no signs or symptoms.
Stage B. There is heart disease but no signs or symptoms of heart failure.
Stage C. There is heart disease and signs or symptoms of heart failure.
Stage D. Advanced heart failure requires specialized treatments.
What is the prognosis of heart failure?
Estimated the following survival rates for all-type heart failure:
* 1 year: 87%
* 2 years: 73%
* 5 years: 57%
* 10 years: 35%
What are the signs and symptoms of Congestive heart failure?
- swelling in the legs and feet, or weight gain caused by a buildup of excess fluid
- bloating
- shortness of breath or waking up short of breath
- an inability to lie flat or needing to sleep on extra pillows
- fatigue
- nausea
- chest pain
Aetiology of congestive heart failure
Coronary artery disease and/or heart attack. Cardiomyopathy (genetic or viral). Heart issues present at birth (congenital heart disease).
What is happening in arteries in congestive heart failure?
Plaque and blood clots can reduce blood flow through an artery. A buildup of fatty plaques in the arteries (atherosclerosis) is the most common cause of coronary artery disease. coronary heart disease, heart inflammation, high blood pressure, cardiomyopathy, or an irregular heartbeat
What are the risk factors of congestive heart failure?
Unhealthy lifestyle habits, such as an unhealthy diet, smoking, using cocaine or other illegal drugs, heavy alcohol use, and lack of physical activity, increase your risk of heart failure. Heart or blood vessel conditions, serious lung disease, or infections such as HIV or SARS-CoV-2 raise your risk
Medical management of Congestive heart failure?
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibiters (ACE inhibitrs)
Beta blockers
Diuretics
Surgical management of congestive heart failure?
Coronary bypass surgery
Heart valve repair or replacement
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)
Ventricular assist device (VAD)
Heart transplant
What are the complications of congestive heart failure?
- Arrhythmia.
- Blood clots, which can lead to pulmonary embolism or stroke.
- Impaired kidney function or liver function.
- Muscle wasting (loss of muscle tissue throughout the body)
- Pulmonary oedema (extra fluid in the lungs)
- Respiratory distress.
Impact on the person and OP of congestive heart failure?
- Fatigue and dyspnoea
- Reduced exercise tolerance
- Systemic or pulmonary congestion
What are the contraindications of congestive heart failure?
Don’t take aspirin for pain. Antacids or laxatives. Don’t take ones that have sodium in them. These include Alka-Seltzer.
OT role and equipment for patients will congestive heart failure
- Health management – routines, journals
- Health education and literacy
- Monitoring oedema with simple terms eg. if shoes do not fit, let doctor know
- Assessing knowledge/capacity on what to do if there is an emergency (number, address, symptoms)
- Energy conservation techniques
