Congential Heart Defects Flashcards
How many weeks into pregnancy would you do cardio genesis
8weeks
How many weeks into pregnancy pulse you scan for the heart defects
20 weeks
What can cause the heart defects in the foetus
Drugs
Environment
Infections
Genes
What is the difference between the cyanosic and the acyanotic heart defects
Cyanosic: causing the blueing of the limbs due to the lack of oxygen
Acyanotic: not blueing (unless would have the aortic issues)
What is and ASD and what is the symptoms
Atrial septal defect (gap between two atria)
Dyspnea
Respiratory infections
Palpitations
RV hypertrophy
What sounds would the ASD defect make
Parasternal heave (on the right side)
Upper left murmur (increased blood flow over the PV)
Lower left murmur (increased blood flow over the TV)
What are the general symptoms for the heart defects
Tachycardia
Dyspnea
Respiratory infections
Arrhythmias
angina
Palpitations
What is the VSD
When would have a hole in their interventricular septum
Mainly in the membranous area
What sound would you hear from a VSD
The harsh holosystolic murmur (left sternal boarder)
Apical mid-diastolic murmur (as would increase flow over the mitral valve)
What is special about the patent foremen ovale
Would not effect the person
The left side would have such a high pressure
This hole can be bypassed
What is aortic stenosis
When would have the ion ore to opening of the aortic valve
Would come from the calcification and the fibrosis of the valves
What sound would be heard in the aortic stenosis
The crescendo decresendo murmur (loudest at the base)
What is pulmonary stenosis
When not having the proper opening of the pulmonary valves in the heart
What sound would you have for the pulmonary stenosis
Split S2 sound
Parasternal heave (on the sternum)
Early systolic ejection murmur (upper left would have a palpatable thrill)
What is a patent ducteous arteriosus
When would not have the proper closure of the DA when born
(Would normally have the increase oxygen tension and the decreased prostaglandins)
Would have some of the oxygenated blood leak back into the PA and go to the lungs
What sound would be heard in the PDA
Continuous machine like murmur (as constant blood flow would go over the PDA)
What are the cyanotic heart defects
Tetralogy of fallout
Pulmonary atresia
Transposition of the great artery’s
What is coartication of the aorta
When have the narrowing of the aorta (mainly from TURNER SYNDROME)
RIB NOTCHING A SUGN IN X-RAYS
Differential cyanosis (Lower limbs)
What sounds would be heard from the coartication of the aorta
Weak femoral pulse
Mid-systolic ejection murmur (TURBULENT THROUGH NARROWING)
What is involved in the tetralogy of fallout
P: pulmonary obstruction
R: right ventricle hypertrophy
O: overriding aorta
V: ventricle septum defect
What is pulmonary atresia with a VSD
Not correct forming of the PA
Would normally form in the position of the VSD
Would then not be able to have blood go to the lungs unless you would open the ducts
(Can happen with the tetralogy of fallot)
What are the sounds for a pulmonary atresia
Split S2 sound
Pulmonary regurgitation
VSD murmur (blood constantly through the hole)
What is transposition of the great artery’s
Would have the artery’s be on the wrong sides
How would you manage the transposition of the great artery’s when the child is born
Would give Prostaglandins
Open ducteous anteriosus
Would then allow blood to be oxygenated
What sounds would be heard when have the transposition of the great artery’s
Accentuated S2 beat (on the right side as now more anterior)
RV pulse on the sternal boarder
How would you solve the transposition
Rashkind procedure: balloon in the septal defect and allow the blood to mix, can then get some deoxygenated blood
jatene procedure: switching of the vessels in the body
What genetic defect can cause heart defects to occur
Trisomy 21
Leads to issues with the endocardial cushions
So would effect the septum formation
What diseases can cause transposition of the great artery
Maternal diabetes
What disease can lead to a VSD
Fetal alcohol syndrome
What disease can lead to an ASD
Down’s syndrome
When the ostium primum type
What disease can lead to a PDA
congenital rubella
What are the right to left shunt defects
The five Ts
Tetralogy of the fallout
Transposition of the great vessels
Truncus arteriosus
Tricuspid atresia
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR)
What are the left to right shunt defects
ASD
VSD
PDA
What can the MI do the papillary muscles of the heart
Would effect the valves function
Could lead to the regurgitation of the blood (as the valves would not be able to close properly)
What would normally develop from the PDA
The eisenmengers disease
(Would have the right hypertrophy and the growth of the muscle)
What would happen to the JVP when you have a increased pulmonary pressure
Would have an increase
What congenital defect would lead to the increased JVP
The pulmonary stenosis
High pressure on the right side would push blood back through the vena cava and up the jugular vein
What defects would lead to the eisenmengers
ASD - normally right to left, soon would be reversed
PDA - increased pressure in PA, backflow (cyanosis of lower extremities)
