Congenital Malformations of the Brain and Skull Flashcards
1
Q
Name types of malformations of cerebral cortical development
A
Proliferative, Migrational, Organizational anomalies.
2
Q
What are some clinical manifestations of abnormal brain development?
A
- developmental delay
- cognitive impairment
- mental retardation
- epilepsy
- motor deficit
3
Q
Diagnosis of Congenital Malformations is important for:
A
- optimal therapy
- prognosis
- chances a future sibling is affected
4
Q
Cortex (Latin) means
A
Bark
5
Q
When is neural proliferation?
A
2-4 months of gestation
6
Q
When is Neural Migration
A
*
7
Q
What and When is neuronal organization?
A
- Occurs b/w 5 months gestation - continues for years after birth
- Alignment, Layering, Orientation of neurons
*
8
Q
Cuases of Brain Malformations
A
- Injury
- Infection
- CMV/Toxo
- Ischemia
- Toxins
- Alcohol/Cocaine/buildup of toxic metabolites with metabolic disorders
- Infection
- Genetics
9
Q
What are Microcephalies
A
- clinical diagnosis based on head circumference
- At least 2 SD below mean, some say 3
- Can relate to decreased gray or white matter
- If decreased gray matter, related to decreased proliferation of neurons
- If white matter, PVL/Injury
10
Q
What is this?
A
- microcephaly with simplified gyral pattern
- too few gyri, abnormally shallow sulci
11
Q
What is this?
A
Microlissencephaly, probably better classified as a migrational abnormality than microcephaly
