Congenital & Inherited defects

Question 1

What is a Congenital Defect?

Answer 1

A defect present at birth that may either be inherited or arise as a result of environmental factors

Question 2

What is a Hereditary Defect?

Answer 2

A defect that is always inherited from the genes acquired from the parent(s). May be present at birth or develop later

Question 3

Examples of congenital defects affecting any breed of dog or cat

Answer 3

Cleft palate

Umbilical hernia

Question 4

What is hip dysplasia?

Answer 4

A hereditary disease characterised by loose fitting hip joints

Question 5

List 4 dog breeds commonly affected by hip dysplasia

Answer 5

German Shepherd
Golden Retriever
Labrador Retriever
Rottweiler

Question 6

Which 2 organisations run a scheme for testing prospective breeding dogs for hip dysplasia

Answer 6

The British Veterinary Association

The Kennel Club

Question 7

What is the minimum age for a dog to be tested under the BVA/KC hip dysplasia scheme?

Answer 7

12 months

Question 8

Give 4 examples of hereditary eye defects

Answer 8

Hereditary Cataracts
Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous
Progressive Retinal Atrophy
Primary Lens Luxation

Question 9

What is Ectropion?

Answer 9

Outward turning of the eyelid

Question 10

What is entropion

Answer 10

Inward turning of the eyelid

Question 11

Name 2 dog breeds commonly affected by entropion

Answer 11

Cocker Spaniel

Shar Pei

Question 12

Define Cryptorchidism

Answer 12

1 or both testicles retained within the abdomen (i.e. undescended)

Question 13

Define Monorchidism

Answer 13

An animal which only has ONE testicle

Question 14

What breed of dog is prone to Wobbler syndrome?

Answer 14

The Doberman

Question 15

What inherited defect may affect red cocker spaniels?

Answer 15

Rage Syndrome

Question 16

Which coat colour (particularly in collies) is caused by an incomplete dominant gene and may be associated with deafness?

Answer 16

Merle

Question 17

Which common inherited abnormality affects white cats with blue eyes?

Answer 17

Deafness

Question 18

What breed of cat may be affected by congenital hypokalaemia?

Answer 18

Burmese

Question 19

What is elbow dysplasia?

Answer 19

Abnormal development of the elbow

Question 20

What are the primary defects seen with Elbow Dysplasia?

Answer 20

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)
Fragmented Coronoid Process (FCP)
Ununited Anconeal Process UAP)

Question 21

What condition develops secondary to primary elbow dysplasia?

Answer 21

Arthritis

Question 22

Which breeds are at risk of Elbow Dysplasia?

Answer 22

Basset Hound
Bernese Mountain Dog
Dogue de Bordeaux
GSD
Labrador
Rottweiler