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Y4 Cardio > Congenital Heart Disease > Flashcards

Congenital Heart Disease Flashcards

1
Q

what is the commonest ASD?

A

Secundum defects high in the septum

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2
Q

what are the complications of ASD?

A

Paradoxical emboli

Eisenmenger’s syndrome

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3
Q

what investigation is diagnostic of ASD?

A

ECHO

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4
Q

what is the surgical treatment for ASD?

A

Transcatheter closure

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5
Q

what is coarctation of the aorta associated with?

A

Bicuspid aortic valve

Turner’s syndrome

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6
Q

what are complications of coarctation of the aorta?

A

Heart failure

IE

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7
Q

what is seen on CXR of coarctation of the aorta?

A

rib notching

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8
Q

what is the treatment for coarctation of the aorta?

A

balloon dilatation + stenting

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9
Q

what are complications of VSD?

A

Infective endocarditis
PHT
Eisenmenger’s

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10
Q

when is surgery indicated for VSD?

A

symptomatic VSD ̄c large shunt.

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11
Q

what genetic condition is associated with TOF (tertalogy of fallots)

A

22q11 deletion

- Di George

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12
Q

what is the presentation of an infant with TOF?

A

hypercyanotic episodes, squatting, clubbing

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13
Q

what mutation causes marfans?

A

Mutation in FBN1 gene on Chr 5

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14
Q

what does histology of marfans show?

A

“cystic medial necrosis”

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15
Q

what are DD for marfans?

A

MEN-2b
Homocystinuria
Ehlers-Danlos

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16
Q

what investigations should be done for marfans?

A

Slit-lamp examination: ectopia lentis

CXR
􏰁 Widened mediastinum
􏰁 Scoliosis
􏰁 Pneumothorax

ECG

ECHO

MRI - dural entasis (dilation of neural canal)

Genetic testing

17
Q

what is the management of marfans?

A

Refer to ortho, cardio and ophtho
􏰀 Life-style alteration: ↓ cardiointensive sports
􏰀 Beta-blockers slow dilatation of the aortic root
􏰀 Regular cardiac echo
􏰁 Surgery when aortic root ≥5cm wide

18
Q

how many subtypes of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome is there?

A

6

subtypes 1 and 2 most common

19
Q

what is the presentation of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome?

A

Hyperelastic skin
􏰀 Hypermobile joints
􏰀 Cardiac: MVP , AR, MR and aneurysms
􏰀 Fragile blood vessels → easy bruising, GI bleeds 􏰀 Poor healing

Y4 Cardio (10 decks)

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