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Diagnostic Imaging I Exam One > Congenital Anomalies 2 > Flashcards

Congenital Anomalies 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is knife clasp syndrome?

A

Spina bifida at S1 with an enlarged L5 spinous process

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2
Q

During what motion can knife clasp syndrome cause pain?

A

Extension

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3
Q

On what film do we usually seen knife clasp syndrome?

A

A-P lumbopelvic

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4
Q

The top of what segment is usually in line with the iliac crest?

A

L5

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5
Q

What is the most common type of transitional vertebra?

A

Lumbosacral

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6
Q

How common is a lumbosacral transitional vertebra?

A

COMMON (25%)

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7
Q

What is more common: lumbarization of S1 or sacralization of L5?

A

Sacralization of L5 (17%)

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8
Q

What is a common change seen with the transverse processes involving a lumbosacral transitional segment?

A

Spatulated, hyper plastic transverse processes

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9
Q

What is the appearance of the IVD at an area of a lumbosacral transitional segment?

A

Hypoplastic

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10
Q

What is the usual location for intervertebral disc hypoplasia?

A

L5

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11
Q

Is intervertebral disc hypoplasia the same thing as a narrowed disc space due to degeneration?

A

NO

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12
Q

What age group is more likely to have intervertebral disc hypoplasia?

A

Young patients (unlikely degeneration)

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13
Q

What is the condition of facet asymmetry?

A

Facet tropism

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14
Q

What plane do the L5 facets sit in normally?

A

Coronal (other lumbars are sagittal)

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15
Q

What is the most common area for facet tropism?

A

L5/S1

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16
Q

Is facet tropism directly associated with DDD or back pain?

A

Not clear

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17
Q

What condition is the presence of extra bone seen by the acetabulum due to persistent growth centers?

A

Os acetabuli

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18
Q

Oppenheimers ossicles are most commonly seen in wha area of the spine?

A

Lumbars

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19
Q

What are Oppenheimer ossicles?

A

Accessory bone on the inferior articular process

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20
Q

What are the 3 reasons for why a pedicle could be absent?

A

1 congenital
2 cancer (destroyed)
3 surgery

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21
Q

When one pedicle is absent and the other becomes larger to compensate, what can be said about the cause of the absent pedicle?

A

Congenital in nature

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22
Q

When one pedicle is absent and the other does NOT become larger to compensate, what can be said about the cause of the absent pedicle?

A

Either due to surgery or pathology

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23
Q

What is the winking owl sign (Popel’s sign)?

A

Unilaterally absent pedicle

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24
Q

What is the term for a persistent nutrient canal of a vertebral body?

A

Hahn’s cleft

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25
Q

How does a Hahn’s cleft change in appearance when seen in a long bone instead of a vertebra?

A

Runs obliquely

26
Q

What are the risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip?

A 
1 being female
2 left hip
3 breech position
4 family history
5 related to hip joint laxity
27
Q

What is the test done at birth to test for developmental hip dysplasia?

A

Barlow’s/Ortolanis

28
Q

What is the significance of developmental hip dysplasia?

A

Late diagnosis may result in early OA

29
Q

What is Putti’s triad?

A

1 superolateral displacement of proximal femur
2 increase in acetabular angle
3 small capital femoral epiphysis

30
Q

The acetabular angle should be less than how many degrees in females at birth?

A

30

31
Q

What are asymptomatic oval or round lucencies seen in the anterosuperior aspect of the femoral neck just distal to the articular surface?

A

Pitt’s pit aka femoral herniation pits

32
Q

In what gender do we see a pronounced paraglenoid sulcus?

A

Females

33
Q

What causes the paraglenoid sulcus in females?

A

Resorption of the anterior sacroiliac ligament in response to stress

34
Q

What bone are most commonly involved in carpal coalition?

A

Lunate and triquetral

35
Q

Carpal coalition tends to be more common in what groups?

A

Women and Africans

36
Q

Relative shortness of the ulna compared to the radius is called what?

A

Negative ulnar variance

37
Q

In which condition is the triangular fibrocartilage larger: short or long ulna?

A

Short (negative ulnar variance)

38
Q

Which is more common: positive or negative ulnar variance?

A

Negative (short ulna)

39
Q

Which points toward the mid shaft and which points toward the joint: osteochondroma or supracondylar process?

A

Osteochondroma - mid shaft

Supracondylar process - toward joint

40
Q

What location of a bipartite patella is more likely to have the small part?

A

Superolateral

41
Q

Bipartite patellas are more common in what gender?

A

Males

42
Q

Are bipartite patellas usually uni- or bilateral?

A

Bilateral

43
Q

Where is the fabella located?

A

Lateral head of gastrocnemius

44
Q

What are the lines of increased bone density called that develop due to growth arrest during times of serious illness?

A

Harris/growth arrest lines

45
Q

What is the term for the accessory ossicle located posterior to the talus?

A

Os trigonum

46
Q

What is the term for the accessory ossicle located on the medial side of the navicular?

A

Os tibiale externum

47
Q

What is the term for the accessory ossicle located on the proximal dorsal side of the navicular?

A

Os supranaviculare

48
Q

What is the term for the accessory ossicle located at the base of the 5th metatarsal?

A

Os peroneum

49
Q

What is the term for the accessory ossicle located between metatarsal bones?

A

Os intermetatarseum

50
Q

What are the most common types of tarsal coalition?

A

Talocalcaneal and calcaneonavicular

51
Q

What gender is more likely to have tarsal coalition?

A

Males

52
Q

Tarsal coalition can have what effect on the arches of the foot?

A

Lead to flat feet

53
Q

What is eagle syndrome?

A

Neck pain due to stylohyoid ligament ossificiation

54
Q

Which gender presents with outer edge rib calcification? Central?

A

Outer edge = males

Center = females

55
Q

What structure can become calcified as the dura in between the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Falx cerebri

56
Q

At what age is a pineal gland calcification considered abnormal and clinically significant?

A

Under the age of 6 (in 50% of those over 17)

57
Q

Pineal gland calcifications should not exceed what size?

A

10mm (great than 1cm might indicate tumor)

58
Q

Phleboliths in what location of the pelvis are considered clinically significant?

A

Midline of pelvic outlet

59
Q

Where are clinically INsignificant phelboliths usually found in the pelvis?

A

Lower parts and more often on the left side

60
Q

What are lymph node calcifications usually a remnant of?

A

Prior infection like TB, cocccidiomycosis, or histoplasmosis (now healed)

61
Q

Horizontal ribs are a feature seen with what condition?

A

Pectus excavatum

Diagnostic Imaging I Exam One (5 decks)

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