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Echo 3 Final > Congenital Anomalies > Flashcards

Congenital Anomalies Flashcards

1
Q

secundum asd

A

located mid IAS, most common
close to fossa ovalis

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2
Q

primum asd

A

located inferior portion of IAS, associated with mv and av defects

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3
Q

sinus venosus asd

A

located in superior part of IAS, near entrance of SVC

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4
Q

common atrium asd

A

absence or near absence of ASD forming a single common atrial chamber

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5
Q

coronary sinus asd

A

near coronary sinus, inferior portion of IAS

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6
Q

primum asd results from

A

when the septum primum fails to fuse with the endocardial cushion during separation of atria

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7
Q

sinus venosus asd is associated with

A

partial anomalous pulmonary venous

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8
Q

for a right to left shunt

A

the PVR has to be greater than the SVR
also Qp/Qs less than 1

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9
Q

for a left to right shunt

A

PVR less than SVR
Qp/Qs greater than 1

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10
Q

Qp is…

A

pulmonic flow
normally right heart output

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11
Q

Qs is…

A

systemic flow
left heart output

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12
Q

what does the computer need to calculate Qp/Qs ratio

A
  1. LVOT diameter (PLAX)
  2. LVOT VTI (PW)
  3. RVOT diameter (2-d from PSAX)
  4. RVOT VTI (PW)
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13
Q

what to look for on echo for an ASD

A
  1. view IAS in PSAX apical 4 and 5 and subcostal
  2. is IAS is aneurysmal
  3. use color doppler with PRF less than 40
  4. look for RA enlargement
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14
Q

bubble study

A

is positive you will see a burst of bubbles cross from right to left within the 3-4 beats after injection, repeated with valsalva

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15
Q

if bubbles are seen in the left heart after 5 beats…

A

may indicate an intrapulmonary shunt

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16
Q

angel wings closure repair

A

transcatheter device for asd
2 disk system

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17
Q

amplatzer PFO occluder

A

patients who have had a cryptogenic stroke from embolus, 2 flat disk are unfolded on each side

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18
Q

perimembranous vsd

A

between right and non coronary cusp
most common vsd
usually high on septal wall, usually aneurysmal

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19
Q

trabecular or muscular VSD

A

usually by the paps, low on the septal wall in the muscular part close to the apex
may have a swiss cheese pattern

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20
Q

outlet VSD

A

between rvot and lvot
associated with AV prolapse
seen in psax, plax sub5

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21
Q

inlet VSD

A

bordered by mv, and tv
associated with atrioventricular septal defect

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22
Q

inlet vsd in seen in

A

PSAX (MV & pap level), AP4 and sub4

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23
Q

VSD echo findings

A

view ivs, plax, psax, ap4 5 3
eval with color doppler

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24
Q

what to look for an VSD

A

left atrial enlargement
LV enlargement
RVH
AV prolapse

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25
Q

how to calculate RVSP from VSD

A
26
Q

what is an atrioventricular septal defect

A

involves malformation of the endocardial cushions
abnormalities of the MV and TV
occur in children with down syndrome

27
Q

partial AVSD

A

septum primum ASD and cleft mitral valve

28
Q

complete AVSD

A

septum primum ASD, inlet VSD and common valve

29
Q

incomplete AVSD

A

2 separate atrioventricular valve orifices, LV to RA shunt and 3 MV leaflets

30
Q

eisenmengers syndrome

A

long standing left to right shunt from vsd, asd, PDA causes pulmonary HTN and eventual shunt reversal into cyanotic right to left shunt

31
Q

eisenmengers syndrome signs

A

cyanosis, right heart failure, DOE, TR, PI

32
Q

eisenmengers syndrome RVSP measures

A

greater than 120 mmHg

33
Q

gerbode defect

A

left to right shunt from LV to RV
may be seen with ASD and PFO

34
Q

PDA

A

cyanosis occurs
its a continuous mumur
forces RV to work harder against PVR

35
Q

PDA echo findings

A

dilated pulmonary artery
LAE and LVE
reversal of flow in descending aorta

36
Q

cleft mitral valve leaflet

A

hole in MV most commonly in anterior leaflet
MR is common

37
Q

cleft mitral valve leaflet is associated with

A

primum ASD, VSD , AVSD and MV prolapse, papillary muscle abnormalities

38
Q

parachute MV

A

one pap muscle is attached to both chordae

39
Q

coarctation of aorta

A

narrowing of descending aorta
distal to narrowing pressures are lower
associated with AS, turners syndrome, VSD, bicuspid aortic valve and PDA

40
Q

for coarctation of aorta what will you see in the descending aorta

A

systolic and diastolic velocities will be increased and have a sawtooth appearance in spectral doppler

41
Q

for coarctation of aorta what will you see in the abdominal aorta

A

low velocities with monophasic antegrade flow

42
Q

persistent left SVC

A

most common thoracic anomaly
noted by a dilated coronary sinus

43
Q

what is tetralogy of fallot

A
  1. pulmonic stenosis
  2. RVH
  3. VSD
  4. overriding aorta
44
Q

ebsteins anomaly

A

TV displaced towards the apex
associated with ASD, PFO,VSD,PS, WPW

45
Q

cor triatriatum

A

a membrane is present across the mid portion of left atrium

46
Q

D TGA

A

aorta attached to RV, PA attached to LV
results in cyanosis
corrected with mustard procedure

47
Q

L TGA

A

RV acts as LV
LV acts as RV

48
Q

truncus arteriosus

A

aorta and PA fail to separate during fetal development
arise as a single vessel with one valve

49
Q

TA type 1

A

single pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta rise from the truncus arteriosus

50
Q

TA type 2

A

both pulmonary arteries originate close together from the dorsal wall of the TA

51
Q

type 3 TA

A
52
Q

type 4 TA

A
53
Q

blalock taussing shunt corrects

A

corrects: pulmonary atresia, PS, TOF, hypoplastic left heart, TV atresia

54
Q

fontan procedure corrects

A

corrects: TV atresia, single ventricle

55
Q

Rastelli Procedure corrects

A

corrects: TOF, Truncus arteriosus, TGA ,pulmonary atresia

56
Q

ross procedure

A

removes abnormal aortic valve and replaces with pulmonary valve

57
Q

mustard procedure corrects

A

D TGA

58
Q

baffle

A

surgically create tunnel or wall within the heart or major blood vessels used to redirect flow of blood

59
Q

what is a blalock taussing shunt

A

connects subclavian artery or innomanite to R/L pulmonary artery

60
Q

what is the mustard procedure

A

a baffle directs caval blood flow to the LA which pumps blood to the LV

61
Q

what is the ross procedure

A

removes abnormal aortic valve and replaces it with an autograft valve

62
Q

what is the rastelli procedure

A

connects the RV to the main PA

Echo 3 Final (3 decks)

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