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Echo 3 Final > Congenital Anomalies > Flashcards

Congenital Anomalies Flashcards

1
Q

secundum asd

A

located mid IAS, most common
close to fossa ovalis

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2
Q

primum asd

A

located inferior portion of IAS, associated with mv and av defects

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3
Q

sinus venosus asd

A

located in superior part of IAS, near entrance of SVC

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4
Q

common atrium asd

A

absence or near absence of ASD forming a single common atrial chamber

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5
Q

coronary sinus asd

A

near coronary sinus, inferior portion of IAS

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6
Q

primum asd results from

A

when the septum primum fails to fuse with the endocardial cushion during separation of atria

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7
Q

sinus venosus asd is associated with

A

partial anomalous pulmonary venous

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8
Q

for a right to left shunt

A

the PVR has to be greater than the SVR
also Qp/Qs less than 1

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9
Q

for a left to right shunt

A

PVR less than SVR
Qp/Qs greater than 1

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10
Q

Qp is…

A

pulmonic flow
normally right heart output

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11
Q

Qs is…

A

systemic flow
left heart output

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12
Q

what does the computer need to calculate Qp/Qs ratio

A
  1. LVOT diameter (PLAX)
  2. LVOT VTI (PW)
  3. RVOT diameter (2-d from PSAX)
  4. RVOT VTI (PW)
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13
Q

what to look for on echo for an ASD

A
  1. view IAS in PSAX apical 4 and 5 and subcostal
  2. is IAS is aneurysmal
  3. use color doppler with PRF less than 40
  4. look for RA enlargement
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14
Q

bubble study

A

is positive you will see a burst of bubbles cross from right to left within the 3-4 beats after injection, repeated with valsalva

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15
Q

if bubbles are seen in the left heart after 5 beats…

A

may indicate an intrapulmonary shunt

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16
Q

angel wings closure repair

A

transcatheter device for asd
2 disk system

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17
Q

amplatzer PFO occluder

A

patients who have had a cryptogenic stroke from embolus, 2 flat disk are unfolded on each side

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18
Q

perimembranous vsd

A

between right and non coronary cusp
most common vsd
usually high on septal wall, usually aneurysmal

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19
Q

trabecular or muscular VSD

A

usually by the paps, low on the septal wall in the muscular part close to the apex
may have a swiss cheese pattern

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20
Q

outlet VSD

A

between rvot and lvot
associated with AV prolapse
seen in psax, plax sub5

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21
Q

inlet VSD

A

bordered by mv, and tv
associated with atrioventricular septal defect

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22
Q

inlet vsd in seen in

A

PSAX (MV & pap level), AP4 and sub4

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23
Q

VSD echo findings

A

view ivs, plax, psax, ap4 5 3
eval with color doppler

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24
Q

what to look for an VSD

A

left atrial enlargement
LV enlargement
RVH
AV prolapse

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25
how to calculate RVSP from VSD
26
what is an atrioventricular septal defect
involves malformation of the endocardial cushions abnormalities of the MV and TV occur in children with down syndrome
27
partial AVSD
septum primum ASD and cleft mitral valve
28
complete AVSD
septum primum ASD, inlet VSD and common valve
29
incomplete AVSD
2 separate atrioventricular valve orifices, LV to RA shunt and 3 MV leaflets
30
eisenmengers syndrome
long standing left to right shunt from vsd, asd, PDA causes pulmonary HTN and eventual shunt reversal into cyanotic right to left shunt
31
eisenmengers syndrome signs
cyanosis, right heart failure, DOE, TR, PI
32
eisenmengers syndrome RVSP measures
greater than 120 mmHg
33
gerbode defect
left to right shunt from LV to RV may be seen with ASD and PFO
34
PDA
cyanosis occurs its a continuous mumur forces RV to work harder against PVR
35
PDA echo findings
dilated pulmonary artery LAE and LVE reversal of flow in descending aorta
36
cleft mitral valve leaflet
hole in MV most commonly in anterior leaflet MR is common
37
cleft mitral valve leaflet is associated with
primum ASD, VSD , AVSD and MV prolapse, papillary muscle abnormalities
38
parachute MV
one pap muscle is attached to both chordae
39
coarctation of aorta
narrowing of descending aorta distal to narrowing pressures are lower associated with AS, turners syndrome, VSD, bicuspid aortic valve and PDA
40
for coarctation of aorta what will you see in the descending aorta
systolic and diastolic velocities will be increased and have a sawtooth appearance in spectral doppler
41
for coarctation of aorta what will you see in the abdominal aorta
low velocities with monophasic antegrade flow
42
persistent left SVC
most common thoracic anomaly noted by a dilated coronary sinus
43
what is tetralogy of fallot
1. pulmonic stenosis 2. RVH 3. VSD 4. overriding aorta
44
ebsteins anomaly
TV displaced towards the apex associated with ASD, PFO,VSD,PS, WPW
45
cor triatriatum
a membrane is present across the mid portion of left atrium
46
D TGA
aorta attached to RV, PA attached to LV results in cyanosis corrected with mustard procedure
47
L TGA
RV acts as LV LV acts as RV
48
truncus arteriosus
aorta and PA fail to separate during fetal development arise as a single vessel with one valve
49
TA type 1
single pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta rise from the truncus arteriosus
50
TA type 2
both pulmonary arteries originate close together from the dorsal wall of the TA
51
type 3 TA
52
type 4 TA
53
blalock taussing shunt corrects
corrects: pulmonary atresia, PS, TOF, hypoplastic left heart, TV atresia
54
fontan procedure corrects
corrects: TV atresia, single ventricle
55
Rastelli Procedure corrects
corrects: TOF, Truncus arteriosus, TGA ,pulmonary atresia
56
ross procedure
removes abnormal aortic valve and replaces with pulmonary valve
57
mustard procedure corrects
D TGA
58
baffle
surgically create tunnel or wall within the heart or major blood vessels used to redirect flow of blood
59
what is a blalock taussing shunt
connects subclavian artery or innomanite to R/L pulmonary artery
60
what is the mustard procedure
a baffle directs caval blood flow to the LA which pumps blood to the LV
61
what is the ross procedure
removes abnormal aortic valve and replaces it with an autograft valve
62
what is the rastelli procedure
connects the RV to the main PA

Echo 3 Final (3 decks)

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