Cardiomyopathy/Pericardial Effusion Flashcards

Question

hocm mid cavity obstruction

Answer 1

lv apex segments are aneurysmal thin or hypo/akinetic sam is typically not present lv wall thickening is present mid or basal segments

Answer 2

apical segments are thicker lv will be hyperdynamic no lvot obstruction

Answer 3

both ventricles dilated trabeculations are more than twice as thick

Answer 4

symptoms similar to a heart attack emporary, often severe, change in the heart’s pumping ability • a.k.a. stress induced cardiomyopathy or broken heart syndrome

Answer 5

• Idiopathic • Severe emotional stress or trauma • Severe physical stress or trauma • Asthma attack

Answer 6

• Chest pain • Chest tightness • Pain in arm/shoulder • Breathlessness • Normal cath: no CAD • New EKG abnormality: T-inversion or ST-segment elevation • Elevated troponin

Answer 7

• Apical ballooning • Apical dyskinesis • Normal basal segments • Decrease in LVEF

Answer 8

o Fatigue, poor exercise tolerance o Swelling of feet, ankles, abdomen o SOB/cough, especially with exertion

Answer 9

• AMYLOIDOSIS • SARCOIDOSIS • HEMOCHROMATOSIS • POMPE DISEASE • ENDOMYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS

Answer 10

• Amyloid protein infiltrates multiple organs • Often accompanied by pericardial effusion and irregular rhythms • Can mimic constrictive pericarditis

Answer 11

• Groups of immune cells form inflammatory masses called granulomas that infiltrate multiple organs • Cardiac complications: HF, pulmonary HTN, irregular rhythms

Answer 12

• Most common iron overload disease that may cause multiple organ and tissue damage • Biopsy will diagnose iron deposits in the myocytes • Cardiac complications: HF, arrhythmia

Answer 13

• Fibrotic tissue lines the myocardium; may be diffuse or local • Areas of necrosis (ischemia) are prone to apical thrombus • LV function is usually preserved • May cause severe MR and TR, leading to dilated atria • Endocardium, MV and TV may be scarred or echogenic

Answer 14

• Biventricular hypertrophy: LVH & RVH • Ground glass appearance of myocardium • Small-to-normal LV size with decreased-to- normal LV systolic function • Biatrial enlargement • Pericardial effusion

Answer 15

• Regurgitation of all valves • Restrictive MV inflow pattern: large E-wave and small A-wave without respiratory variations

Answer 16

abnormal amount of fluid between the parietal and visceral layer of the pericardium

Answer 17

Asymptomatic (if small) ▪ Chest pain, pressure ▪ Shortness of breath ▪ Palpitations ▪ Syncope ▪ Cough ▪ Anxiety ▪ Nausea ▪ Lightheadedness ▪ Feeling of abdominal fullness

Answer 18

end diastole

Answer 19

fluid posterior to the descending thoracic aorta in PLAX indicates left pleural effusion

Answer 20

significant compression and dysfunction

Answer 21

▪ Cardiac surgery or perforation ▪ Chest trauma ▪ Infectious disease ▪ Malignant disease ▪ Ascending aortic dissection ▪ Cardiomyopathy ▪ Pericarditis ▪ Hypothyroidism ▪ Myocardial infarct ▪ Autoimmune or connective ▪ Radiation therapy or chemotherapy tissue disease

Answer 22

becks triad pulsus paradoxus pericardial friction rub tachycardia dyspnea hepatomegaly

Answer 23

hypotension and weak pulse muffled heart sounds elevate venous pressures

Answer 24

exaggerated decrease in systolic BP with inspiration

Answer 25

parietal and visceral layers scratch against one another low pitched harsh grating sound

Answer 26

swinging heart decrease in LV diastolic and systolic dimension paradoxical septal motion ▪ Inspiratory interventricular septal bounce ▪ Right ventricular early diastolic collapse ▪ Right atrial late diastolic collapse ▪ Dilated IVC and hepatic veins with reduced collapsibility

Answer 27

variation is exaggerated so velocities are exaggerated

Answer 28

inflammation of the myocardium causes the muscle to weaken and enlarge Begins as a viral infiltration that produces a myocardial toxic response from the T-lymphocytes that causes degeneration and/or necrosis of the myocardium

Answer 29

▪ Chest pain ▪ Shortness of breath ▪ Palpitations ▪ Dizziness or fainting ▪ Fever ▪ Dull heart sounds ▪ Arrhythmia ▪ Damage to heart cells ▪ Mimicking MI, due to coronary inflammation but without blockage

Answer 30

▪ Dilated or hypertrophied ventricles ▪ Ventricular dysfunction, systolic and diastolic ▪ Regional wall motion abnormalities ▪ Valvular disease

Answer 31

most common in men 20-50 yrs old ▪ Acute injury ▪ Cardiac surgery ▪ HIV/AIDS ▪ Infectious (most viral) ▪ Post radiation therapy ▪ Kidney failure ▪ Cancer ▪ Autoimmune disease ▪ Tuberculosis ▪ Idiopathic

Answer 32

pericardial friction rub chest pain obstruction of venous and lymphatic system pericardial effusion tamponade from effusion

Answer 33

▪ Parietal and/or visceral layers of pericardium thicken, scar and may calcify. ▪ The thickened, fibrotic pericardium forms a noncompliant shell around the heart. ▪ Tense pericardial effusion develops, which further impedes diastolic filling

Answer 34

▪ Dyspnea ▪ Kussmaul’s sign ▪ Edema ▪ Pericardial knock – rare third heart sound (S3) ▪ Ascites ▪ Heart failure

Answer 35

a paradoxical rise in jugular venous pressure on inspiration or a failure in the appropriate fall of the JVP with inspiration

Answer 36

▪ Ventricular size and function are normal but WMA may be present ▪ Bilateral atrial enlargement – due to impaired filling ▪ Flat diastolic LV inferior wall motion – heart cannot expand ▪ Pericardium is bright and thick ▪ IVS bounce – from constriction ▪ Pericardial effusion – between 2 layers ▪ Dilated IVC and hepatic veins

Answer 37

▪ Left atrial enlargement ▪ Flat inferolateral wall in diastole ▪ Thick, bright pericardium ▪ Respiratory variation in septal motion

Answer 38

Large E and small A wave with respiratory variation