confusion week learning points Flashcards
when you prescribe a topical cream what else do you need to do
say the place where it needs to go
diarrhoea leads to dehydration how
what does sugar do to bowels
they can lose large amounts of salts and water from their bodies
can loosen bowels making it mucus too
when giving novarapid for high glucose what should you do
give it with food to prevent a hypo
Glutamate dehydrogenase posotive indicates what
indicates a presence of C-diff bacteria in your bowel.
only treat if c diff present
GDH is an abbreviation for Glutamate dehydrogenase, which is a chemical found in C. diff. If the result is GDH positive a second test is performed to look for toxins that are produced when C. diff is causing an infection.
caused by abx reeducing gut flora so can kill - need oral vancomyin not IV so that it goes into gut where it is
why is low albumin a poor prognostic sign
as reflects a state of malnutrition
head and neck on CXR - poor porgnsotic as cannot keep head up
staph bacteraeimai you need to find the original site of infection
how to check for endocarditis
TOE - transthoracic echo
what is the blue book
used for the last 72 hours of life
stop VTE prophyalxis pointless
what is a stoma
opening of the abdomen that can be connected to bowel or urinary system etc
poor LV systolic dysfucntion what drug is good
ACEi
paroxysmal AF what shoudl patient be on
DOAC
loperamide moa
slowing intestinal motility and by affecting water and electrolyte movement through the bowel. Loperamide binds to the opiate receptor in the gut wall.
also CCB
loperamide will cause feacal loading
cosntipation can lead to diverticular
if PPI cause diarrhoea what coudl you change to
Famotidine, an H2 antagonist, blocks the action of histamine on the parietal cells, ultimately reducing acid secretion into the stomach.
foot drop what physcial aid can you give
toe off splint - help push off when walking
What is Todd’s paralysis?
Todd’s paralysis is a neurological condition experienced by individuals with epilepsy, in which a seizure is followed by a brief period of temporary paralysis.
bladder scan in aki
to exlcude anything - UR , or more sinister
if both platelts and potassium raised on bloods what shoudl you do
get a green tube - lithium and heparin - plasma seperator
betahistine is what
anti-vertigo mainly acts as a histamine H1-receptor agonist., meineres disease
sodium hyaluronate does what
hydrates skin
penumonic acute delirium
PINCHME
pain
infection - UTI
nutrition
constipation
hydration
medications
electroyltes and everything else - high calcium so need bone profiel , B12 and folate and sodium , thryodi, UR ,
sleep wake cycle regulalry distrubed same time and sundwonign ( day sleep as worse at night)
dementia
community beds are for rehab what is D2A bed
discharge to assess - nrusing home monitor behaviour for 6w then decide what sort of permanent place they need
what anti-depressant good for sleep as well
mirtazapine
possible causes of hepatic skin lesions
Scarring (cirrhosis) from chronic liver disease, which occurs with hepatitis B, hepatitis C and heavy drinking. Smoking. Hormones found in birth control pills.
how does one sided neglect occur
stroke
Neglect is caused by a decrease in stimuli in the contralesional side because of a lack of ipsilesional stimulation of the visual cortex and an increased inhibition of the contralesional side.
how does one sided neglect occur
stroke
Neglect is caused by a decrease in stimuli in the contralesional side because of a lack of ipsilesional stimulation of the visual cortex and an increased inhibition of the contralesional side.
hoffmans relfex
UMN - flcik nail of middle finger and watch for index finger flexion
If your thumb or forefinger move after the doctor’s flick
drift relfex
supinated hands out in front - arm will drift in and pronate
cerbellum
low sodium and high potassium what else shiydl you check
glucose Potentially, hypoglycemia episodes are more severe and of higher risk in patients with Addison’s disease because of the deficient counterregulatory excretion of cortisol.
sodium zirconium moa
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate is a non-absorbed cation-exchange compound that acts as a selective potassium binder in the gastro-intestinal tract treat high potassium.
anti insulin hormones
GH
glucagon
cortisol
adrenaline
nor adrenlaien
hwo tall for tall tented t waves
It is unusual for T waves to be taller than 5 mm in limb leads and taller than 10 mm in chest leads. Hyperkalemia should be suspect if these limits are exceeded in more than one lead.
st elevation not return to base line
high take off sign of
Lv strain
magensium fucntion
smooth msucles relaxation
hypothermai ecg
The classic and well-known ECG manifestations of hypothermia include the presence of J (Osborn) waves, interval (PR, QRS, QT) prolongation, and atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.
pursing of lips
tardive Dyskinesia - sign of antipsychotics
ischaemic heart disease ecg
The most common ECG sign of myocardial ischemia is flat or down-sloping ST-segment depression of 1.0 mm or greater.
RBBB normal
