Confusion

Question 1

Define dementia

Answer 1

Progressive reduction in global cognition

Question 2

Causes of dementia

Answer 2

Alzheimer’s disease, Vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, Fronto-temporal dementia

Question 3

Symptoms of dementia

Answer 3

Amnesia, Agnosia, Apraxia, Aphasia, Apathy

Question 4

Symptoms of Lewy body dementia

Answer 4

Fluctuating, Visual hallucinations, Parkinsonism

Question 5

Investigations for dementia

Answer 5

CT, DAT scan, SPECT

Question 6

CT finding with Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 6

Hypocampal atrophy

Question 7

CT findings with vascular demetia

Answer 7

Pathcy infarcts

Question 8

Management of dementia

Answer 8

Conservative: Home modifications, Care
Medical: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, Memantine, Statins, Anti-hypertensives

Question 9

Causes of delirium

Answer 9

Opiates, Diuretics, Anti-psychotics, Anti-convulsants, Infection, Hypoglycaemia, Uraemia, Electrolyte imbalance, Hypoxia

Question 10

Drugs causing delerium

Answer 10

Opiates, Diuretics, Anti-psychotics, Anti-convulsants

Question 11

Symptoms of delirium

Answer 11

Decreased consciousness, Decreased cognition, Hallucinations, Delusions, Altered sleep pattern, Decreased attention

Question 12

Investigations for delerium

Answer 12

Bloods: U+Es, FBC, Glucose, Culture

ABG, CXR, Urine dip, ECG, AMT

Question 13

Management of delerium

Answer 13

Conservative: Well lit room, Family visits, Remove lines
Medical: Haloperidol, IV fluids