Conflict And Upheavel Flashcards
How much land was owned by the king; barons and bishops?
75%
How many towns existed that had more that 10,000 people at the time?
2, London and York
Why was the church important?
The church was the most prominent building in the community’s, they recorded births, deaths and marriages and helped the sick and injured. They also educated men
How much money did you have to give to the church?
10% of the money you earned went to the church
Did the church face any threats?
- Many questioned the churches power after the Black Death
* the lollardy, a religious movement calling for the reduction of the pope
Why was the wool trade important?
The wool trade was essential to life in Britain, most of the income came from it and wealth was often measured in terms of how many sheep you owned
What was the main work sector?
Most people were spinners and weavers, the economy relied of agricultural jobs
What does husbandry mean?
Husbandry means farming animals
What was the women’s roles in the 14th century?
- Women were the property of men
- Women couldn’t get married without consent
- Death before the age of 40 was common because child birth was dangerous
Who were the most educated women?
The most educated women were those who joined nunneries
What was the religion of England in the 14th century?
Catholic
What were the poorest peasants called?
Cottars
When did The Hundred Years War begin?
It officially began in 1337
Who was the war against?
Britain and France
How many years of fighting were there and how long did the war last?
There were 79-83 years of fighting and it took place over 116 years
Where is Gascony?
Gascony is part of Aquitaine in southern France
Who was Isabella?
Isabella was the daughter of Philip IV and she married king Edward III
When did Edward III become king?
1327, he was 14 years old
Who was Charles VI’s closest relative?
Edward III
What was the treaty of Paris
The treaty of Paris states that Gascony was a possession of the English kings
How many times did Aquitaine get confiscated?
3 times, in 1259, 1334 and 1337
What does homage mean?
Homage means to pay tribute to show respect
What does vassals mean?
Where someone controls the land but it is ruled by someone else
What is a Duchy?
And area of land that someone controls but it is owned by someone else
What were the reasons for the war?
- French people were accused of treason
- Gascony borders we’re constantly changing
- Aquitaine was confiscated form England
- England tried to conquer Scotland
- French didn’t like English possession
- England have a greater influence in Flanders
Who was Philip VI’s father?
Philip III
How many children did Philip IV have?
He had 4 children
How many of Philip IV’s children became king?
3 became king and his daughter Isabella was queen of England
What is Edward III to Philip IV?
He is his grandson
What country was Edward III king of?
England
Who is Charles of Valois?
He is Philip IV’s brother
How was Edward III stopped from being king of France?
Because of the Salic law the throne couldn’t be passed through a female
What does confiscation mean?
Taking away without any choice
What happened in 1340?
3 years after the war started Edward III claimed the title of the king of France
Who was in a better position at the start of the war?
England were in a weaker position, Edward had a lack of financial power and controlled very little land in France
What was the first real battle?
The first real battle was the battle of sluys in June 1340. England were far stronger than France
What was a Chevavchees?
This was an effective tactic because they were cheap and didn’t need many resources. It involved soldiers going across French countrysides and destroying as much as they could by burning crops and buildings killing livestock and people
When was the battle of Crecy?
26th August 1346
Who won the battle of Crecy?
Britain won eventhough the French attacked first. Edwards longbowmen overpowered the French crossbowmen and 1/3 of the French army died including Philips brother
Who was the black prince?
Edward III’s eldest son, he wore black armour
When was the battle of Poitiers?
September 19th 1356
How did the battle of Poitiers end?
As the French fell back, king John was captured by English troops, they held him in ransom
What was England like in 1348?
England was a prosperous place
Where did the Black Death come from?
The Black Death came from Melcombe Regis on a boat at the end of may, it began to spread in August
What was the most common type of Black Death
The bubonic plague, it killed 1/3 of the population
It’s started with a high fever and lasted only 4 days with boils and shivering fits starting on the 3rd
Cases by flea bites
What was the second most dangerous plague?
The pheumonic plague, The mortality rate is 100% and it developed as a result of the bubonic plague, you coughed up blood and 90% of patients died within 2 days
What was the most lethal plague?
The septicaemic plague
Killed faster than the bubonic and pheumonic plague, it was very rare and it infected the circulatory system
What were the immediate impacts of the plague?
- The rural economy broke down because the plague ripped through the country
- Church broke down because it couldn’t cure people
- impact of food production and the whole society broke down
What does contemporary mean?
The views of people who lived at the time
Where did the Black Death arrive in England?
On the Dorset coast
Why did the Black Death spread at such a rapid rate?
- the summer of 1349 was very hot
- rivers were polluted and filth wasn’t removed
- there were lots of rats
- houses were close together
- people ran from affected villages taking the disease with them
- carcasses were not disposed of
What does legacy mean?
Something that is left behind
How many people died as a result of the Black Death?
1 million people died, 2 million people lived this meant that the people that lived had to do extra work
Who was affected by the plague the most?
East anglia had huge losses and peasant classes were more likely to die
What happened as a result of the Black Death (peasants and lords)
Peasants were able to bargain with the lords, there were less of them meaning fewer crops were grown and they could move around depending on who payed them more
What was the ordinance of labourers?
The ordinance stated that everyone under the age of 60 had to work and original rages were reinforced. It punished those who refused to work
What was the statute of labourers?
The aim was to restore the feudal system and prevent peasants from leaving there manors
What came first the statute or ordinance of labourers
The ordinance came first
Why did the peasants revolt start?
Th peasants couldn’t pay taxes after they were increased they hid from tax collectors and riots broke out
What does oppression mean?
Prolonged cruel treatment, or exercise of authority
