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History > Conflict and Tension > Flashcards

Conflict and Tension Flashcards

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1
Q

Why was Germany one of the most powerful states by 1914?

A
  • Germany had many smaller states inside it
  • Had control Alsace-Lorraine in France - Rich industrial area
  • twice as much steel as britain
  • 1/3 of electronics produced in world was here
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2
Q

When did AH and Italy join alliance?

A
  • AH - 1872

- Italy - 1882

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3
Q

What was the alliance and why did they form an alliance?

A
  • Known as central powers - secret agreement
  • AH was a huge empire
  • Italy wanted to build the empire
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4
Q

What was the problem with AH joining the alliances?

A
  • Serbia was nationalistic and wanted freedom

- Russia backed Serbia in this

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5
Q

What was the Dual Alliance and why was it made?

A
  • Agreement between Russia and France - 1892
  • France wanted Alsace-Lorraine
  • Russia was largest in Europe with big Army
  • Russia was agrarian
  • Russia wanted to defend serbs - meant they had support
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6
Q

What was the Tripple entente and why was it made?

A
  • France and Russia had long been biggest threats to briatin
  • Germany was seen as a threat
  • BRIT and FRANCE - 1904
  • BRIT and RUSSIA - 1907
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7
Q

What are the three probelms that threatened wars?

A
  • Morocco 1905
  • Balkans 1908
  • Morocco 1911
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8
Q

What happened in the Morocco Crisis?

A
  • Kasier made speech about Moroccan Independance
  • Angered France
  • Conference was held to settle dispute
  • Made matters worse
  • Germany worried about how Britain and France supported each other
  • Reason why the entente was formed
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9
Q

What happened in the Balkans?

A
  • Balkans was a large area with an area that was infulenced by
    • Russia
    • AH
  • AH was becoming unstable - independance
  • 1908 - Austria annexed Bosnia - Made serbs angry
  • Germany supported AH - forced Russia and Serbia to back down
  • Russia promised to never do so again
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10
Q

What happened in Morocco Crisis 1911?

A
  • Germany sent a gunboat to the port of AGADIR
  • This was because France were moving to take over Morocco
  • War was avoided
  • Britain and France became closer to use navies to contain Germany
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11
Q

-What was the policy of Splendid Isolation

A

-stopping permenment Allies

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12
Q

-Why did Britain follow the policy of Splendid Isolation?

A

-Didn’t want to get dragged in

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13
Q

What was Germany’s foreign policy?

A
  • Aggressive
  • Kasier wanted “place in sun”
  • Weltpolitik
  • Authorotarian - militeristic
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14
Q

What was the Naval arms race and what was the cause?

A
  • Germany and Britain batteling for big navy

- Caused by the German aggressive foreign policy

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15
Q

What where the naval laws?

A
  • Set of laws that Kasier made to increase navy
  • Dreadnaught was produced
  • 1914
    • Germany had 17 dreadnaughts
    • Britain had 29
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16
Q

What was the idea of Militerism?

A
  • Major powers increased army sizes

- 1910 - France+Britain+Russia+Gerdog had 1 Mil + men

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17
Q

Why were nations doing due to militerism

A
  • Making plans for war
  • Schliffen Plan - German quick war at East then mobilise to west
  • Plan 17 - French planned quick war
  • BEF - British Expeditory Force - force to send to France if Germany attacked
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18
Q

Explain the Assasination of Franz Ferdinand

A
  • Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the AH throne
  • Black Hand Gang assasinated him
  • Serbian Nationalist views
19
Q

What was AH reaction to assasination?

A
  • AH dealt with Serbia harshly

- Serbia was already strong due to balklan wars and had Russia backing

20
Q

What was the July Crisis

A
  • 10 demand ULTIMATIUM sent to Serbia from AH
  • Accept or face war
  • Accepted 9 out of 10
  • Germany gave blank cheque
  • Russia moblised troups
  • Germany declared war 1st August
21
Q

What was the Schefflen plan?

A
  • attack western front qucikly - six weeks

- attack eastern front after Russia had moblisied

22
Q

Why had Britain been dragged into war?

A
  • Treaty of London

- Germany invaded Belgium on 4th August

23
Q

Why did the war turn to stalemate?

A
  • Russia mobilised quick - German troups had to split

- BEF meant strong resistance - had to stop - stalemate

24
Q

Why did both sides dig trenches?

A
  • defencsive techniques

- Reduced effectiveness of cavalry

25
Q

How did technology develop during the war?

A
  • new tactics
  • Artillery
  • Machine guns
  • Chlorine Gas
  • Planes used for reconnaissance
  • Tanks
26
Q

What was the policy of unrestricted warfare

A

-Attacking anyships that was thought to be bringing in supplies

27
Q

Why did the unresreticted warfare policy become cancelled in 1915

A
  • USA ship Lusitiana was sunk - 1,000 people on board died

- worried that USA may join

28
Q

What did Germany do with unrestricted warfare in 1917?

A

-out of desperation, they resumed the unrestricted
warfare
-very very effective short term

29
Q

What was the ZIMMERMAN TELEGRAM?

A

-Telegram which promted Mexico join Germany in attacking USA

30
Q

What did the zimmerman telegram lead to

A

-USA joining the war

31
Q

How many troups were in europe by 1918 that were from USA

A

1 million

32
Q

Why did Russia leave the war?

A
  • Russian Revolution in 1917

- Bolsheviks wanted to focus on themselves, and therefore left the war

33
Q

What was the treaty signed that let Germany take control over huge areas of land in russia

A

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

34
Q

What did the treaty mean for Germany

A

They could send mass amounts of troups to the Western Front

35
Q

What was the Ludendorff Offensive

A

-Planed named after general Lundendorff that was going to win the war for Germany by a final push

36
Q

Why was germany forced to do the Ludendorff Offensive

A
  • 50,000 US troups arriving every month
  • Blockade meant people in Germany were suffering
  • They had STORM TROUPERS that could easily penentrate the defences
37
Q

How was the offensive a fail

A
  • Bombardments were to concentrated
  • small groups of storm troupers were too fast - had no back up
  • 400,000 German casualties
  • Germans stopped to loot - poor dicipline
38
Q

What did the allies do in response of the offensive

A

Counter attack

39
Q

How was the counter attack a success

A
  • creeping barrage - smokescrean for infantry

- tanks punched holes in the german lines

40
Q

What was the impact of the Blockade

A
  • 500,000+ citizens died of starvation
  • Supplies of food had ran out by 1918
  • In berlin there were riots
  • Mutinies in naval base of KIEL
41
Q

What did the riots do to the kasier

A
  • Force to abdicate

- Abdicating helped with better ToV

42
Q

What was Wilson’s views on armitice?

A
  • Fourteen points

- kind - no future war

43
Q

What did Germany want

A

-Wilson’s points

44
Q

What did Germany get?

A

-Very harsh points

History (3 decks)

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