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GCSE History > Conflict and Tension ( 1894 - 1918 ) > Flashcards

Conflict and Tension ( 1894 - 1918 ) Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the German Chancellor from 1871 to 1890?

A

Otto von Bismarck

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2
Q

True or False: Germany grew incredibly quickly under Bismarck’s leadership

A

True

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3
Q

Why was Germany a threat to the balance of power in Europe?

A

• They had undergone rapid industrialisation and were seeing quick economic growth
• They had an experienced and strong military following the series of wars building up to unification in 1871

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4
Q

What were Bismarck’s aims and how did he try and achieve them?

A

He aimed to consolidate Germany and avoid war. To do this he began a series of alliances with European powers.

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5
Q

When was the Triple Alliance formed, and who was it formed between?

A

In 1882, between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy.

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6
Q

What were the terms of the agreement in the Triple Alliance?

A

They would all support each other if attacked by France

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7
Q

When was the League of Three Emperors formed and who was it formed between?

A

In 1872 between Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary

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8
Q

Which two countries in the League of Three Emperors had conflict between each other?

A

Russia and Austria-Hungary

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9
Q

In what year was the Franco-Russian alliance formed?

A

1892

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10
Q

What was the aim of Germany forming alliances with other countries?

A

Collective security; being allied with powerful countries deterred others from attacking you

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11
Q

When was the Entente Cordiale signed and between who?

A

1904, Britain and France

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12
Q

When did Russia join the Entente Cordiale, and what did it become following this?

A

1907, Triple Entente

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13
Q

Who else were Russia allied with outside the Triple Entente?

A

Serbia

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14
Q

Who else were Britain allied with outside the Triple Entente?

A

Belgium

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15
Q

Give one reason why Britain wanted an alliance

A

• They were worried about Germany and viewed them as a threat to their empire and navy

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16
Q

Give one reason why France wanted an alliance

A

• Worried about the growing power of Germany
• Wanted to take back Alsace-Lorraine from the Germans

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17
Q

What was the aim of Weltpolitik?

A

To gain colonies and build up the German navy, transforming Germany into a global power.

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18
Q

When was the First Moroccan crisis?

A

1905

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19
Q

How did Germany anger France during the First Moroccan Crisis?

A

The Kaiser visited Morocco and decalred his support for Morrocco to declare independence from France

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20
Q

When was the Algeciras Conference held?

A

1906

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21
Q

Why was the Kaiser left humiliated after the Algerciras Conference?

A

Because all the countries at the conference backed France (excluding Austria-Hungary) forcing Germany to back down and leaving the Kaiser humiliated.

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22
Q

Which alliance did the Algeciras conference lead to?

A

The Triple Entente

23
Q

Why did Germany prepare for war after the Algeciras conference?

A

They felt as though they were being ganged up on

24
Q

Paragraph question: Describe the events of the First Moroccan Crisis

A

• Mention that it occurred in 1905 with the Kaiser visiting Tangier.
• Kaiser promised to defend Morocco, angering France who had an agreement to protect Morocco
• Mention the Algeciras conference
• All countries (excluding Austria-Hungary) backed France leaving the Kaiser humiliated
• Led to the Triple Entente being signed to prevent war
• Germany prepared for war as they felt they were being ganged up on

25
Q

When did the Second Moroccan Crisis occur?

A

1911

26
Q

What was the name of the gunboat that the Kaiser sent to Morocco?

A

The Panther

27
Q

Why did the British view the launching of the Panther as a threat to their naval supremacy

A

They believed that the Kaiser wanted to set up a naval base in Morocco

28
Q

What was the result of the 2nd Moroccan Crisis?

A

Germany backed down in return 100,000 square miles of the French Congo leaving them humiliated

29
Q

What did the Moroccan Crises show Britain and France about Germany?

A

That they could not be trusted

30
Q

Why did Germany develop their armed forces after the Moroccan crises?

A

They were determined to show Germany’s strength and had vowed not to back down after having done so twice already.

31
Q

Paragraph question: Describe the events of the Second Moroccan Crisis

A

• Took place in 1911
• France took over Morocco, defending the Sultan against riots and rebellion, violating the terms of the Algeciras conference.
• Germany sent a gunboat (the panther) in response to protect German citizens in Morocco
• Britain saw this as a threat to naval supremacy, thinking Germany wanted to set up a naval base in Morocco
•Germany backed down in return for 100,000 square miles of the french congo, leaving germany humiliated

32
Q

How did Bismarck carry out his aim to isolate France?

A

Formed the Triple Alliance Italy and Austria-Hungary

33
Q

What were the terms of Germany and Russia’s Reinsurance Treaty and when was it signed?

A

1887, if one of them went to war the other agreed to stay neutral

34
Q

What events led to the Franco-Russian alliance?

A

Bismarck’s resignation. His successor did not want to continue the alliance with Russia

35
Q

Why was the Franco Russian alliance a threat to Germany?

A

If there was a war they would be attacked from the West and the East

36
Q

What war did the German states win which led to unification?

A

Franco Prussian

37
Q

Why did Austria Hungary oppose Balkan Nationalism?

A

They feared that the Balkans in their own empire might want to break away from

38
Q

When did the Balkan Crisis start?

A

1908

39
Q

What was the Eastern Question?

A

The concern that the collapse of the Ottoman Empire could lead to tensions between Austria-Hungary and Russia

40
Q

What did Austria Hungary do to anger Russia during the Balkan Crisis?

A

Entered Bosnia without Russian approval

41
Q

What was the conclusion to the Balkan Crisis?

A

Austria Hungary paid compensation to the Ottoman Empire for taking Bosnia

42
Q

Why wouldn’t Russia go to war with Austria Hungary?

A

Germany said they would back them

43
Q

Who was involved in the Balkan wars?

A

Serbia, Greece, Albania and Bulgaria allied against the Ottoman

44
Q

Why did the Balkan League break down?

A

Disagreements over who should get the different parts of the freed territory

45
Q

How did the alliance system contribute to tension?

A

Divided Europe into two

46
Q

What was Britains policy of splendid isolation?

A

They wanted to stay out of European politics and focus on its overseas colonies

47
Q

What forced Britain out of splendid isolation?

A

German military expansion, and their humiliating defeat in the Anglo Boer war

48
Q

What was the Scramble for Africa?

A

A mad rush to seize land in Africa in the 1890s

49
Q

Name 2 ways in which Anglo German rivalry was made apparent

A
  • Colonial Tensions in the scramble for africa
  • The Arms Race
50
Q

When was Franz Ferdinand killed?

A

28 June 1914

51
Q

Who was Franz Ferdinand?

A

Heir to the Austro Hungarian throne

52
Q

Who shot Franz Ferdinand

A

A Bosnian-Serb, Gavrillo Princip

53
Q

How did Austria Hungary respond to the assassination?

A

They asked for Germanys help to attack Serbia and recieved support in the form of a blank cheque

54
Q

How did Serbia respond to the assassination?

A

Asked for Russian support against the threat of Austria Hungary and Germany

GCSE History (3 decks)

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