Conference #2 Flashcards
Third leading cause of death in the US
COPD
Main etiology for COPD:
smoking
Persistent cough with sputum for at least 3 months in 2 years
Chronic bronchitis
Abnormal permanent enlargement of airspaces without obvious fibrosis
Emphysema
Four things we see in chronic bronchitis:
- enlargement of mucous-secreting glands
- goblet cell hyperplasia
- chronic inflammation
- bronchiolar wall fibrosis.
Pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis:
Inflammation results in mucous production which results in airway narrowing
Difference in pathology between emphysema and chronic bronchitis?
Inflammation and mucous production - CB
Destruction of alveolar walls - Emphysema
Cough and sputum production is a sign of:
chronic bronchitis
Episodic and reversible hyperactive airways due to an allergen
Asthma
Inhalation of smoke -> inflammation, WBC recruitment -> ?
mucous gland hyperplasia
Overinflation is associated with:
emphysema
Bronchial hyper-responsiveness is associated with:
asthma
Most important risk factor for chronic bronchitis:
smoking (heavy)
Unintentional weight loss is associated with:
Small Cell Carcinoma
Most common lung cancer:
Metastatic lung cancer
Males are more associated with:
Small Cell Carcinoma
Hemoptysis (bleeding when coughing) occurs in 25% of patients with:
Small Cell Carcinoma
Types of asthma (2):
1) Atopic: allergen sensitization, family history
2) Non-atopic: no allergen sensitization, no family history
Patient has asthma attacks daily, and sometimes needs to seek medical help. He would fall under what category of asthma severity?
Moderate
What is the preferred inhaled drug for asthma?
B2 Adrenergic Agonists
Main clinical presentation of CF is in:
lungs and GI
Genetic, systemic disease:
cystic fibrosis
Multi-system involvement, primarily pulmonary
Sacoidosis
Sarcoidosis is a ____ disease
restrictive
Examples of restrictive lung diseases: (5)
- Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
- Idiopathic
- Spinal disorders
- Sarcoidosis
- Pneumoconiosis
How much is too much bleeding?
Continues beyond 12 hours
Doesn’t stop after 30m of applying pressure
Normal platelet count:
150,000 - 450,000
Prothrombin Time (PT) - extrinsic
11-13 seconds
Partial Prothrombin Time (PTT) - intrinsic
30-40 seconds
International Ratio (for PT):
1-2
Pinpoint, red blood spots in back of mouth
Petechiae (it’s pretty common)
Hemophilia Type A: Factor _
Hemophilia Type B: Factor _
8
9
Factor 8 & 10 are part of:
intrinsic pathway
Christmas disease: issues with factor:
9
Severe hemophilia:
<2%
Moderate hemophilia:
2-5%
Mild hemophilia:
6-50%
Liver builds all coagulation factors EXCEPT:
von Willebrand factor (vWF), which is made in the endothelium
To diagnose Von Willebrand Disease, we do a test called:
Ristocetin cofactor
Von Willebrand factor (vWF) is important for what first phase?
platelet adhesion
Von Willebrand factor (vWF) is important for regulating:
plasma level of factor 8
Most common hereditary hemophilia:
Von Willebrand Disease
Small, non-tender lesions on palms and soles:
Janeway Lesions
Small, tender nodules on fingers:
Osler’s
Bacterial endocarditis can affect what side of the heart?
Right
rmbr to give pt antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial endo
Vitamin K deficiency involves factors:
2, 7, 9, 10
has BOTH elevated PTT and PT
Less white blood cells:
leukopenia
