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Systemic Pathology > Conference #2 > Flashcards

Conference #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Third leading cause of death in the US

A

COPD

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2
Q

Main etiology for COPD:

A

smoking

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3
Q

Persistent cough with sputum for at least 3 months in 2 years

A

Chronic bronchitis

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4
Q

Abnormal permanent enlargement of airspaces without obvious fibrosis

A

Emphysema

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5
Q

Four things we see in chronic bronchitis:

A
  • enlargement of mucous-secreting glands
  • goblet cell hyperplasia
  • chronic inflammation
  • bronchiolar wall fibrosis.
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6
Q

Pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis:

A

Inflammation results in mucous production which results in airway narrowing

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7
Q

Difference in pathology between emphysema and chronic bronchitis?

A

Inflammation and mucous production - CB

Destruction of alveolar walls - Emphysema

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8
Q

Cough and sputum production is a sign of:

A

chronic bronchitis

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9
Q

Episodic and reversible hyperactive airways due to an allergen

A

Asthma

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10
Q

Inhalation of smoke -> inflammation, WBC recruitment -> ?

A

mucous gland hyperplasia

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11
Q

Overinflation is associated with:

A

emphysema

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12
Q

Bronchial hyper-responsiveness is associated with:

A

asthma

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13
Q

Most important risk factor for chronic bronchitis:

A

smoking (heavy)

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14
Q

Unintentional weight loss is associated with:

A

Small Cell Carcinoma

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15
Q

Most common lung cancer:

A

Metastatic lung cancer

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16
Q

Males are more associated with:

A

Small Cell Carcinoma

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17
Q

Hemoptysis (bleeding when coughing) occurs in 25% of patients with:

A

Small Cell Carcinoma

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18
Q

Types of asthma (2):

A

1) Atopic: allergen sensitization, family history

2) Non-atopic: no allergen sensitization, no family history

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19
Q

Patient has asthma attacks daily, and sometimes needs to seek medical help. He would fall under what category of asthma severity?

A

Moderate

20
Q

What is the preferred inhaled drug for asthma?

A

B2 Adrenergic Agonists

21
Q

Main clinical presentation of CF is in:

A

lungs and GI

22
Q

Genetic, systemic disease:

A

cystic fibrosis

23
Q

Multi-system involvement, primarily pulmonary

A

Sacoidosis

24
Q

Sarcoidosis is a ____ disease

A

restrictive

25
Q

Examples of restrictive lung diseases: (5)

A
  • Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
  • Idiopathic
  • Spinal disorders
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Pneumoconiosis
26
Q

How much is too much bleeding?

A

Continues beyond 12 hours

Doesn’t stop after 30m of applying pressure

27
Q

Normal platelet count:

A

150,000 - 450,000

28
Q

Prothrombin Time (PT) - extrinsic

A

11-13 seconds

29
Q

Partial Prothrombin Time (PTT) - intrinsic

A

30-40 seconds

30
Q

International Ratio (for PT):

A

1-2

31
Q

Pinpoint, red blood spots in back of mouth

A

Petechiae (it’s pretty common)

32
Q

Hemophilia Type A: Factor _

Hemophilia Type B: Factor _

A

8

9

33
Q

Factor 8 & 10 are part of:

A

intrinsic pathway

34
Q

Christmas disease: issues with factor:

A

9

35
Q

Severe hemophilia:

A

<2%

36
Q

Moderate hemophilia:

A

2-5%

37
Q

Mild hemophilia:

A

6-50%

38
Q

Liver builds all coagulation factors EXCEPT:

A

von Willebrand factor (vWF), which is made in the endothelium

39
Q

To diagnose Von Willebrand Disease, we do a test called:

A

Ristocetin cofactor

40
Q

Von Willebrand factor (vWF) is important for what first phase?

A

platelet adhesion

41
Q

Von Willebrand factor (vWF) is important for regulating:

A

plasma level of factor 8

42
Q

Most common hereditary hemophilia:

A

Von Willebrand Disease

43
Q

Small, non-tender lesions on palms and soles:

A

Janeway Lesions

44
Q

Small, tender nodules on fingers:

A

Osler’s

45
Q

Bacterial endocarditis can affect what side of the heart?

A

Right

rmbr to give pt antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial endo

46
Q

Vitamin K deficiency involves factors:

A

2, 7, 9, 10

has BOTH elevated PTT and PT

47
Q

Less white blood cells:

A

leukopenia

Systemic Pathology (3 decks)

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