Conference #1 Flashcards
Leading cause of death in the US and worldwide
Cardiovascular Disease
Personal medical history - unchangeable or changeable risk factor?
Unchangeable
Hypertension, cholesterol - unchangeable or changeable risk factor?
Changeable
Two types of heart murmurs:
- physiological (may disappear if what is causing them disappears also)
- organic (caused by underlying valvular disease or congenital abnormality)
Leaking Mitral Valve
Mitral Valve Regurgitation
No death of myocytes is a feature seen in:
Angina Pectoris
Nitroglycerin is given for:
drug used to relax (dilate) the veins for Angina Pectoris
Test that uses dye and radiography to show the blood flow on the coronary arteries (catheterization)
Coronary angiography
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) = ?
Angioplasty (a stent to repair or unblock a blood vessel, especially a coronary artery)
Most common type of open-heart surgery
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Two methods to do Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting:
1) Traditional: chest bone is opened; heart is stopped
2) Minimally invasive: chest bone isn’t opened
Chest pains that are more frequent and severe
Unstable Angina
Cardiac biomarkers are not elevated in:
Unstable Angina
In unstable angina, we have occlusion due to:
lumen damage
Lab tests of this condition show presence of troponin
Myocardial Infarction
Sudden tightening of the muscles within the arteries of your heart
Coronary Artery Spasms
Coronary Artery Spasms may be related to:
Cocaine usage, emotional stress/pain, exposure to extreme cold, smoking cigarettes, younger patients
Most common cause of right-sided heart failure?
Left-sided heart failure
Right-sided heart failure symptoms:
Edema, jugular vein distension, renal congestion, pulmonary hypertension
Most common cause of left-sided heart failure?
Hypertension
Left-sided heart failure - Systolic?
pump failure; insufficient ejection fraction
Left-sided heart failure - Diastolic?
abnormally stiff ventricles (can’t relax during diastole)
Most common type of arrhythmia
A-fib
Increased risk for stroke is seen in:
A-fib
Blood thinners are indicated in patients with:
A-fib
Allows for the blood flow to slow down, which increases the risk of clotting:
A-fib
Small electrical device implanted to the body to regulate the heartbeat; placed under the skin near the collarbone
Pacemaker
What is the number one etiology for triple A aneurism?
Smoking
If the aortic valve needs to be replaced and he goes to the dentist, what do we need to prescribe?
Antibiotic prophylaxis
Inflammation of vessel walls is called:
vasculitis
Inflammation of the arteries of the head, like vertebral and ophthalmic arteries, is associated with what disease?
Giant-cell arteritis (GCA)
Buerger Disease occurs as a consequence for:
heavy smokers (ex/ King George) *he had extreme pain on leg and couldn't walk
How can we detect Buerger Disease?
Allen test
half of hand is red, other half is normal
Most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease:
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot presents with what?
- Large ventricular septal defect
- Right ventricular hypertrophy
With pulmonary embolism, what are some important signs we see:
- Tachypnea
- Fever over 100
- Heart rate over 100
- Hypotension (sometimes)
Associated with asbestos
Mesothelioma
