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Confederation Flashcards

1
Q

What is confederation

A

The process of uniting regions together under one government.

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2
Q

Why did Canada unite in a confederation

A

They were all separate colonies owned by Brittan, it was having a difficult time defending it from USA, to defend it it required a lot of money and troops.

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3
Q

What were the 3 main groups in the colonies

A

English Europeans from England and Scotland and Ireland French speaking people from France Indigenous

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4
Q

What year was confederation

A

1867

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5
Q

What was the province of canada split into

A

East and West

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6
Q

True or false; To join confederation, British colonies had to leave Brittan

A

TRUEE

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7
Q

What were the first colonies that joined confederation

A

Canada east, west, nova scotia, new Brunswick

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8
Q

John a Macdonald was chosen by the people of ——— to lead the —– ——- ——-

A

John a Macdonald was chosen by the people of Kingston to lead the West Canada Colony

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9
Q

What did the province of Canada face as problems, why?

A

They faced difficulties deciding what needed to be built because the government couldn’t decide or agree what to build, and how they could fund the building

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10
Q

Why were they in political deadlock?

A

The French and English people in the province of Canada were trying t make decisions best for their culture

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11
Q

Why did John A MacDonald want to build a railway, and challenges to convince them to build it

A

Hard to get English and French to work together, wanted railway so farmers could sell more, boost economies and move troops in times of war, railway would also help western countries be interested in joining Canada

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12
Q

Who did John A MacDonald convince to join the plan of railway, how

A

George-Etienne Cartier, francophone leader in Canada east with dreams of expanding Canada coast to coast

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13
Q

What did George Etienne cartier believe strongly

A

that he needed to protect his people language, culture and region by starting French communities in the west

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14
Q

What was George Etienne carters job

A

he was a lawyer, politician and prime minister of the province of Canada before Confed

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15
Q

What did cartier promise to the French people in they joined

A

he was able to convince majority of French Canadian by promising a province where French language, culture was ahead of English

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16
Q

Who negotiated ruperts land land northwest territories from the Hudson bay company

A

Cartier

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17
Q

Who did George brown treat unfairly, and who’s enemy was he of but then what plot twist happened

A
  1. French 2. John a MacDonald 3. agreed to the great coalition
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18
Q

What’s the great coalition

A

A agreement ending political deadlock

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19
Q

What was the purpose of the Charlottetown conference?

A

To discuss maritime union and debate confederation.

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20
Q

What was the outcome of the Charlottetown conference?

A

The idea of a formal union was discussed, acknowledging that the colonies in the Pacific Coast regions weren’t central.

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21
Q

What was the purpose of the Quebec conference?

A

To work out the terms of the confederation with representatives from Canada West, East, and Atlantic colonies.

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22
Q

What key terms were discussed at the Quebec conference?

A
  • Railway
  • Rights for religion
  • Education
  • Language
  • Strong central government
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23
Q

What happened at the London conference?

A

The fathers of confederation traveled to England to write the BNA Act.

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24
Q

What did the BNA Act officially do?

A

It officially ended the status of the colonies as individual British colonies.

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25
Which colonies joined first in the confederation?
* Canada West * Canada East * New Brunswick * Nova Scotia
26
Why was Newfoundland hesitant to join the confederation?
They were not convinced the union was in their best interest.
27
Who was the first Prime Minister of Canada?
John A. MacDonald
28
What was Manifest Destiny?
The belief that Americans should own all of North America.
29
What was the Double Shuffle?
A maneuver by John A. MacDonald to resign and give power to George Brown, only to take it back 48 hours later.
30
What is the Great Coalition?
The combining of two political parties to prevent political deadlock.
31
What is political deadlock?
When opposing parties have equal votes, making it impossible for decisions to be made.
32
Which party did John A. MacDonald lead?
Conservatives
33
Who led the Clear Grits party?
George Brown
34
What is 'Rep by Pop'?
The amount of seats a colony has is decided based on population.
35
What were the Fenian Raids?
Irish Americans attacking Canada to retaliate against Britain.
36
In what year did Canada become confederation?
1867
37
Who is considered the father of confederation in Canada?
John A. Macdonald
38
What was one of John A. Macdonald's major negotiations for confederation?
Convincing the British government to sell Rupert's Land and Northwest Territories
39
Which provinces were involved in John A. Macdonald's negotiations to join confederation?
Maritime provinces and British Columbia
40
What was the promise made to British Columbia regarding John A. Macdonald?
That he would be the Prime Minister
41
True or False: All colonies joined confederation in 1867.
False
42
In what year did the British government divide PEI into 67 lots?
1767
43
How many acres were each lot in PEI approximately?
20,000 acres
44
What was expected of the owners of the lots in PEI?
To send settlers from Britain to PEI to live on their land
45
What issue did the absentee landlords create for the islanders of PEI?
They did not maintain the land or buildings
46
What was the name of the act passed in 1853 allowing the government to buy land from owners?
Land Purchase Act
47
What prevented the Land Purchase Act of 1853 from succeeding?
The government ran out of money
48
What was the belief of PEI islanders regarding joining confederation in 1864?
It would solve the landlord crisis
49
What promise was made at the Charlottetown Conference regarding PEI?
To provide PEI with funds
50
In what year did PEI join confederation?
1873
51
What did the Land Purchase Act of 1875 force owners to do?
Sell large lots to the government
52
What is the current law regarding land purchase in PEI?
Not allowing people to buy land bigger than two hectares
53
What were the pros for Nova Scotia in joining Confederation?
Easier trade, connected via railroad, better protection against Fenians, improved economy
54
What were the cons for Nova Scotia in joining Confederation?
Might lose free trade with the US, lack of connection to other colonies, small colony would have little say
55
What were the pros for Prince Edward Island (PEI) in joining Confederation?
Pay absentee landlords, become part of Canada, build a bridge, pay off their debt
56
What were the cons for PEI in joining Confederation?
Little say in Canada government, worried about high taxes, reluctance to fight in Canadian war, fear of losing island law and way of life
57
What were the pros for Newfoundland in joining Confederation?
Better health care, pay off debt, stronger and better trade
58
What were the cons for Newfoundland in joining Confederation?
Higher taxes, loss of identity, less control over territory, have to share fish
59
Who are the Métis?
A distinct Indigenous group in Canada with a unique culture from the union of Indigenous peoples and European settlers, particularly the French
60
What is a key aspect of the Métis worldview?
Emphasis on community, respect for nature, importance of family
61
What is the significance of the Red River Jig in Métis culture?
A lively dance reflecting the Métis’ energetic and creative spirit
62
What role does music play in Métis culture?
It is significant, especially fiddle music which blends French and Indigenous styles
63
What types of traditional art are associated with the Métis?
Beadwork, embroidery, leatherwork using bright colors and geometric patterns
64
How is kinship viewed in Métis culture?
Extremely important, organized around extended families with mutual respect and support
65
What was the Manitoba Act?
A law passed in 1870 to create the new province of Manitoba in Canada, resulting from the Red River Rebellion
66
What were the Métis' concerns that led to the Manitoba Act?
Protection of their land rights, language, and culture
67
What did the Métis want regarding language rights?
Both French and English to be used in government
68
What was one of the key points of the Manitoba Act?
Manitoba became a province, French and English would be used in government, and people involved in the rebellion were not punished
69
Who was Louis Riel?
A Métis leader known for leading the Red River Rebellion and the North-West Rebellion
70
What was Louis Riel's early life like?
Born in 1844 in the Red River Settlement, raised in a Métis family, educated in French and English
71
What role did Louis Riel play in the Red River Rebellion?
He led the rebellion to protect the Métis' rights and ensure their culture, land, and language were respected
72
What happened to Louis Riel after the Red River Rebellion?
He went into exile in the United States and later led the North-West Rebellion in 1885
73
What were the consequences of the North-West Rebellion for Louis Riel?
He was captured, tried for treason, and executed
74
What is Louis Riel's legacy?
Complex; seen as a hero for Indigenous rights by some, and as an outlaw by others
75
Fill in the blank: The Métis are a blend of ______ and ______ cultures.
Indigenous, European
76
True or False: The Métis primarily speak English.
False
77
What was a significant outcome of the Red River Rebellion?
Creation of the Manitoba Act
78
Fill in the blank: The Red River Rebellion was led by ______.
Louis Riel
79
What did the Métis want for land in relation to the Manitoba Act?
Land grants for Métis families to settle
80
Who was Louis Riel?
A Métis leader who fought for Métis rights and led two rebellions.
81
Did the government keep its promises to the Métis?
Partially, but many promises were not fully honored, leading to future problems.
82
What did the Métis want in the Manitoba Act?
Manitoba to be a province, not a territory. French and English to be used in government. No legal punishment for those in the Red River Rebellion. Land for Métis families (land grants).
83
Why was the Manitoba Act created?
to bring Manitoba into Canada while addressing Métis concerns after the Red River Rebellion.
84
What was the Manitoba Act?
A law that made Manitoba a province and protected some Métis rights.
85
Where did Louis Riel grow up?
In the Red River Settlement, in a French-speaking Métis family.
86
What two major rebellions did Riel lead?
Red River Rebellion (1869-1870) – Led to the Manitoba Act. North-West Rebellion (1885) – Ended with Riel’s capture and execution.
87
WHO DID RIEL KILL
THOMAS SCOTT
88
Why was Riel seen as both a hero and an outlaw?
Métis saw him as a defender of their rights, but the Canadian government saw him as a threat.
89
What was Métis scrip?
A certificate that gave Métis people either: 160 acres of land OR $160 to buy land (later increased to $240).
90
Why was the scrip system flawed?
Land speculators tricked Métis into selling scrip for cheap.
91
What was the result of the flawed scrip system?
Many Métis lost their land and struggled to maintain their communities.
92
WHY DID POLITICAL DEADLOCK HAPPEN
FRENCH IN CANADA EAST WOULD VOTE WITH IN THEIR GROUP, ENGLISH IN CANADA WEST WOULD DO THE SAME, THIS IS CALLED A POLITICAL DEADLOCK
93
WHAT WAS GEORGE BROWN VR JOHN A MACDONALD SIGNIFICANT
BOTH LEADERS OF CANADA WEST AND EAST, THEY REJECTED EVERYTHING OTHER SUGESTED
94
PROBLEMS WITH POLITICAL DEADLOCK
GOT NOTHING DONE, ONE SIDE PROPSED IDEA, OTHER SHOT IT DOWN
95
WHATS REP BY POP
GOVERMENTAL STRUCTURE WHERE COLONIES SEND A CERTAIN NUMBER OF REPRESENTATIVES BASED ON AMMOUNT OF PEOPLE LIVING IN AREA
96
WHY DID BROWN NOT WANT REP BY POP
GOERGE BROWN WAS SCARED CANADA WEST WOULD OUTVOTE THEM, BUT JOHN A MACDONALD CONVINCED THEM IT WOULDNT HURT BECAUSE CANADA WEST ONLY HAS 37% OF VOTES
97
WHO ARE FENIANS, WHAT DID THEY DO
IRISH SECRET SOCIETY, FENIANS HATED BRITISH BCUZ BRITISH WAS RULING IRELAND, IRISH COULDNT MATCH BRITISHS POWER SO THEY ATTACKED BRITIAN IN ANOTHER WAY, ATTACKING THE BNA
98
Where fenians a reson for confederation?
YES so they can be stronger
99
Thomas D'arcy McGee aftermath of his assasination+ who did it and why
1. he made fenians mad, he had a big funeral and a day of public mourning and james patrick whelan killed him
100
Whats manifets destiny
USA believeing they can own all of the BNA land
101
whats a militia
military force with civilians
102
railway would bring _________ and it was built by _____________
free trade, chinese because they were cheap to hire
103
great coalitian meant-
that poloitcal deadlock would end where they would vote based on what they think was good
104
whats bipartisan
when u put asside party leader and vote what u believe in

Social studies (5 decks)

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