Conducting Division Histology

Question 0

What are the components of the conducting division?

Answer 0

Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, mouth
larynx
trachea
bronchi/bronchioles

Question 1

Functions of the respiratory conducting division?

Answer 1

Moistens, warms/cools, and filters air
Delivers air to respiratory division
Decreases velocity of air due to increased cross sectional area

Question 2

What is the choanae?

Answer 2

The area the nose opens to nasopharynx

Question 3

What is the histology of the anterior portion of the nasal cavity?

Answer 3

lined with skin
Coarse hairs (vibrissae)
Dermis contains sebaceous and sweat glands

Question 4

What type of epithelium is present at the rear portion of the nasal cavity?

Answer 4

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Question 5

What portion of the nose is responsible for the most anterior nosebleeds in the nose?

Answer 5

Keisselbach’s plexus (little’s area)

Question 6

What mucosal cells are plentiful in the posterior nasal cavity?

Answer 6

Goblet cells

Question 7

What cells make up the olfactory epithelium?

Answer 7

Bipolar cells
Sustentacular cells
Basal cells

Question 8

What is the role of bowman’s gland?

Answer 8

Produce mucous to trap scent particles for the bipolar cells to sense

Question 9

What is the role of sustentacular cells?

Answer 9

Support the bipolar cells

Question 10

What is the role of basal cells?

Answer 10

Stem cells that become either bipolar or sustentacular cells

Question 11

Where are the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 11

Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Frontal
Maxilla

Question 12

What is the epithelium morphology of the oropharynx? The nasopharynx? The laryngeal pharynx?

Answer 12

Oropharynx: stratified squamous
Nasopharynx: Respiratory (pseutostratified ciliary columnar)
Laryngeal pharynx: Stratified squamous

Question 13

Which portions of the trachea have elastic cartilage?

Answer 13

Epiglottis
Corniculate and cuneiform
Superior aspect of arytenoids

Question 14

Which portions of the trachea have hyaline cartilage?

Answer 14

Thyroid
Cricoid
Inferior aspect of arytenoids

Question 15

Is movement for cartilage in trachea moved by intrinsic or extrinsic skeletal muscle?

Answer 15

Both

Question 16

What are the superior and inferior surfaces of the epiglottis made of?

Answer 16

Superior: Stratified squamous
Inferior: Respiratory epithelium

Question 17

Is the superior or inferior vocal fold mobile?

Answer 17

Inferior

Question 18

What moves the inferior vocal fold?

Answer 18

Vocalis muscle and vocal ligament

Question 19

What type of epithelium does the superior vocal folds have? Inferior vocal folds?

Answer 19

Superior: Respiratory
Inferior: Stratified squamous

Question 20

What is the structure of cartilage in the trachea?

Answer 20

C shaped, open end facing posteriorly

Question 21

What muscle decreases luminal size of the trachea?

Answer 21

Trachealis

Question 22

What are the three layers to the trachea?

Answer 22

Mucosa
Submucosa
Adventitia

Question 23

What is the histology of the mucosal layer of the trachea?

Answer 23

Respiratory epithelium
Thick basement membrane
Lamina propria consisting of loose fibroelastic tissue

Question 24

What is the layer that separates the mucosa from the submucosa in the trachea?

Answer 24

Elastic lamina

Question 25

What are the three major cells of the respiratory epithelium in the trachea?

Answer 25

Pseudostratified ciliary epithelium Goblet cells Basal cells

Question 26

What does the submucosa consist of in the trachea?

Answer 26

Dense irregular connective tissue Mucosal glands Lymphoid elements

Question 27

What does the adventitia layer of the trachea consist of?

Answer 27

Fibroelastic tissue Cartilage (anchors trachea to esophagus)

Question 28

What trends are seen as you pass down the bronchial tree?

Answer 28

Decreasing cartilage, glands, cellular height | Increasing smooth muscle and elastic tissue

Question 29

What is the intrapulmonary bronchi cartilage like?

Answer 29

Not C-shaped, instead irregular

Question 30

What distinguishes bronchioles from bronchi?

Answer 30

No cartilage, abundant smooth muscle and elastic/connective tissue

Question 31

What is the role of club cells?

Answer 31

secretory granules that help break down toxins via P450 Produce surfactants Divide and replenish epithelium

Question 32

What does the epithelium look like for terminal bronchioles?

Answer 32

Simple cuboidal and club cells