Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Specialities > Conduct of Anaesthesia > Flashcards

Conduct of Anaesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

How can general anaesthesia be delivered

A

Gas

IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name 2 IV induction anaesthetic agents

A

Propofol

Thiopentone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the response time for IV induction anaesthetia

A

Rapid - 20 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is it easy to overdose using IV induction anaesthesia

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How quickly can a patient lose their airway reflexes when using IV induction anaesthesia

A

Rapidly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a common side effect of IV induction anaesthesia

A

Apnoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a common gas induction anaestheic agent

A

Sevoflurane (Halothane) - vapour of choice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When is gas induction most likely to be used

A

In children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How long does gas induction take to work

A

Slow

Takes time for alveoli concentration to increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the planes of anaesthesia

A 
Analgesia/Sedation
Excitation - Heightened reflexes
Anaesthesia - Light to deep
Overdose
or
Sleepy/Excited/Anaesthetised/...
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How can a patients conscious level be monitored when administering anaesthesia (5)

A

1.Loss of Verbal Contact
2. Movement
3. Respiratory Pattern
4. Processed EEG
Supplements clinical signs
5. Stages or planes of anaesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is airway maintenance required in general anaesthesia

A

Yes always

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What simple manoeuvre can be used to maintain the airway while using general anaesthesia (3)

A

Head tilt
Chin lift
Jaw thrust
i.e. The triple airway manoeuvre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What simple apparatuses can be used to maintain the airway (3)

A

Face mask
Oropharyngeal (‘Guedel’) airway
Nasopharygeal airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

State 5 features of the anaesthetic face mask

A
  1. Identical to those used in Resuscitation
  2. Contoured to face to allow a gas-tight seal
  3. Sizes from neonatal - large adult
  4. Technique involves lifting the face into
  5. Standard connector
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

State 3 features of the oropharyngeal (‘Guedel’) airway

A
  1. Rigid plastic
  2. Only tolerated by an unconscious patient
  3. Insertion in a ‘light’ patient may cause vomiting or laryngospasm
17
Q

What can apparatus can used for more advanced airway management

A

Laryngeal mask airway

18
Q

State 3 features of the laryngeal mask airway

A
  1. Cuffed tube with ‘mask’ sitting over glottis
  2. Maintains, but does not protect the airway
  3. Sizes for adults and children
19
Q

Does the laryngeal mask airway protect the patient from aspiration

A

No

20
Q

What are 3 obstruction complications which can arise from airway complications

A
  1. Ineffective triple airway manoeuvre
  2. Airway device malposition or kinking
  3. Laryngospasm
21
Q

Describe what happens during a laryngospasm

A
  1. Forced reflex adduction of the vocal cords
  2. May result in complete airway obstruction
  3. Caused by airway (or other) stimulation in light planes of anaesthesia
  4. Often unrelieved by simple manoeuvres
22
Q

What are 2 aspiration airway complications which can arise

A
  1. Anaesthesia means loss of protective airway reflexes - Gag, swallow, cough etc
  2. Foreign material in the lower airway - Gastric contents, blood, surgical debris
23
Q

What does a maintained airway mean

A

The airway is maintained if it is open and unobstructed

24
Q

What does a protected airway mean

A

Only a cuffed tube in the trachea protects the airway from contamination

25
Q

What is endotracheal intubation

A

Placement of a cuffed tube in the trachea

26
Q

What reflex must be abolished when using endotracheal intubation

A

Laryngeal reflexes

27
Q

What does the classic method for endotracheal intubation consist of

A
  1. Laryngoscope
  2. Muscle relaxant
  3. Sniffing the morning air position
28
Q

Can endotracheal intubation be conducted on a patient who is awake

A

Yes using local anaesthesia and fibre-optic scope

29
Q

Give 5 reasons for intubation

A
  1. Protect airway from gastric contents
    e.g. full stomach in an unfasted emergency patient
  2. Need for muscle relaxation therefore artificial ventilation
    e.g. laparotomy (muscle relaxants are not selective!)
  3. Shared airway with risk of blood contamination
    e.g. tonsillectomy in ENT
  4. Need for tight control of blood gases
    especially CO2 levels in Neurosurgery
  5. Restricted access to airway
    e.g. Maxillo-facial surgery
30
Q

What are the risks faced by unconscious patients before surgery even begins

A
  1. “Airway, Airway, Airway”
  2. Temperature
    Can get cold quickly
  3. Loss of other protective reflexes
    e.g. corneal, joint position
    Risk of corneal abrasion
  4. Venous thromboembolism risk
    Easier to give wrong blood
  5. Consent & Identification
  6. Pressure areas
31
Q

What positions can a patient be in for anaesthetic administration

A 
Supine
Lithotomy
Prone
Lying on side
Sitting
32
Q

What must be monitored while a patient is under anaestheitic use

A 
Basic “minimum” monitoring - SpO2, ECG, NIBP, FiO2, ETCO2
Respiratory parameters
Agent monitoring
Temperature, Urine Output, NMJ
Invasive Venous / Arterial Monitoring
Processed EEG
VENTILATOR DISCONNECT
33
Q

State 5 anaesthetic complications

A 
Airway
Breathing 
Circulation
Related to techniques or position
Awareness
34
Q

Describe the processes of awakening a patient

A 
Muscle relaxation reversed 
Anaesthetic agents off
Resumption of spontaneous respiration 
Return of airway reflexes / control
Extubation
Can be very quick or very, very slow
35
Q

What type of anaesthetics are local

A

Spinal
Epidural
Plexus block
Nerve block

Specialities (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions