Conduct of Anaesthesia

Question 1

What must occur first everytime anaesthesia is to take place?

Answer 1

Assessment

Question 2

What must be assessed when considering anaesthesia?

Answer 2

• What operation is occuring?
• What are the risks?
• What is the plan?
• Is the patient properly informed?

Question 3

When assessing the operation what aspects must be considered?

Answer 3

• Is the operation appropriate?
• Is the patient appropriate for the operation?

Question 4

What risks must be considered before any operation and anaesthesia?

Answer 4

• Mortality
• Morbidity
• Patient’s history

Question 5

What must be planned before administering anaesthesia?

Answer 5

• What type of anaeasthesia (e.g. local/general)
• What monitoring will be required?

Question 6

What should the patient be informed of before starting any procedure?

Answer 6

• Risks of the procedure
• What will happen during the procedure
• How much pain/recovery the patient should expect
• PONV

Question 7

What are the 4 main phases of anaesthesia?

Answer 7

• Induction
• Maintenance
• Emergence
• Recovery

Question 8

What must be considered during induction?

Answer 8

• SET
• Monitoring
• Drugs

Question 9

What does SET stand for in relation to anaeasthesia induction?

Answer 9

• Setting
• Equipment
• Team

Question 10

What monitoring is required when inducing a patient for anaesthesia?

Answer 10

• Genereal patient health
• RR
• O2 Sats
• HR
• ECG
• aBP

Question 11

What two routes can anaesthesia be administered via?

Answer 11

• IV
• Inhalational

Question 12

What are some IV anaeasthetic inducing agents?

Answer 12

• Propofol
• Midazolam
• Ketamine

Question 13

What are some inhaled anaesthetic inducing agents?

Answer 13

• Isoflurane
• Sevoflurane

Question 14

What is maintenance all about?

Answer 14

• Drugs
• Monitoring

Question 15

What three types of drugs are used during maintenance?

Answer 15

• Inducing agents (e.g. same as used to induce)
• Analgesia
• Muscle relaxants

Question 16

What drugs are used as intra-operative analgesics?

Answer 16

• Opioids (e.g. morphine)
• NSAIDs
• Local anaeshtetics (e.g. lidocaine)

Question 17

What drugs can be used to induce paralysis?

Answer 17

• NMJ blockers
• Local anaesthetics

Question 18

How should the patient be monitored in the maintenance phase?

Answer 18

In an ABC fashion

Question 19

How is the patient’s ‘A’ monitored during maintenance?

Answer 19

Mainatain a patent airway

Question 20

How is a patient’s ‘B’ monitored during the maintenance phase?

Answer 20

• Ensure gas exchange is taking place
• Ventialte the patient

Question 21

How is the patient’s ‘C’ monitored during the maintenance phase?

Answer 21

• Check HR
• Check aBP
• Check CO (HRXSV)

Question 22

How can a patient be helped to emerge from anaesthesia?

Answer 22

• Withdraw inducing agents and allow them to wear off
• Reverse NMJ blockers
• Antagonise benzodiazepines/opiates

Question 23

When the patient is recovering from anaesthesia what must be done?

Answer 23

• Fix any PONV
• Reverse the ABC method
• Ensure patient is oxygenated as they come around

Question 24

How should the ABC method of aneasthesia maintenance be reversed?

Answer 24

• Ensure stable CVS and withdraw any support
• Ensure stable breathing and withdraw ventilation
• Remove airway