Conduct of Anaesthesia Flashcards
What must occur first everytime anaesthesia is to take place?
Assessment
What must be assessed when considering anaesthesia?
- What operation is occuring?
- What are the risks?
- What is the plan?
- Is the patient properly informed?
When assessing the operation what aspects must be considered?
- Is the operation appropriate?
- Is the patient appropriate for the operation?
What risks must be considered before any operation and anaesthesia?
- Mortality
- Morbidity
- Patient’s history
What must be planned before administering anaesthesia?
- What type of anaeasthesia (e.g. local/general)
- What monitoring will be required?
What should the patient be informed of before starting any procedure?
- Risks of the procedure
- What will happen during the procedure
- How much pain/recovery the patient should expect
- PONV
What are the 4 main phases of anaesthesia?
- Induction
- Maintenance
- Emergence
- Recovery
What must be considered during induction?
- SET
- Monitoring
- Drugs
What does SET stand for in relation to anaeasthesia induction?
- Setting
- Equipment
- Team
What monitoring is required when inducing a patient for anaesthesia?
- Genereal patient health
- RR
- O2 Sats
- HR
- ECG
- aBP
What two routes can anaesthesia be administered via?
- IV
- Inhalational
What are some IV anaeasthetic inducing agents?
- Propofol
- Midazolam
- Ketamine
What are some inhaled anaesthetic inducing agents?
- Isoflurane
- Sevoflurane
What is maintenance all about?
- Drugs
- Monitoring
What three types of drugs are used during maintenance?
- Inducing agents (e.g. same as used to induce)
- Analgesia
- Muscle relaxants
What drugs are used as intra-operative analgesics?
- Opioids (e.g. morphine)
- NSAIDs
- Local anaeshtetics (e.g. lidocaine)
What drugs can be used to induce paralysis?
- NMJ blockers
- Local anaesthetics
How should the patient be monitored in the maintenance phase?
In an ABC fashion
How is the patient’s ‘A’ monitored during maintenance?
Mainatain a patent airway
How is a patient’s ‘B’ monitored during the maintenance phase?
- Ensure gas exchange is taking place
- Ventialte the patient
How is the patient’s ‘C’ monitored during the maintenance phase?
- Check HR
- Check aBP
- Check CO (HRXSV)
How can a patient be helped to emerge from anaesthesia?
- Withdraw inducing agents and allow them to wear off
- Reverse NMJ blockers
- Antagonise benzodiazepines/opiates
When the patient is recovering from anaesthesia what must be done?
- Fix any PONV
- Reverse the ABC method
- Ensure patient is oxygenated as they come around
How should the ABC method of aneasthesia maintenance be reversed?
- Ensure stable CVS and withdraw any support
- Ensure stable breathing and withdraw ventilation
- Remove airway
