Conditon Before February Revolution Flashcards
What happened at the Romanov tercentenary 1913?
Tsar and family 3 month tour of ‘old Muscovy’ - confetti throwing and cheering crowds with Romanov banners
What was the October manifesto?
30th October 1905
Permitted political parties, elections, civil rights, Duma
How did the tsar limit the October Manifesto?
1906 - fundamental laws reaffirmed star’s autocracy
State council - half members to be appointed by tsar (secondary legislative chamber to counteract radical duma)
All legislation to be approved by tsar, state council and also duma
Tsar maintained right to declare war, dissolve duma, appoint/dismiss ministers, control Orthodox Church
How long did the first Duma last?
Dissolved by tsar after 73 days
Radical demands - release of political prisoners/ trade union rights land reform
What happened on the Lena river in 1912?
Gold miners went on strike, troops ordered to shoot - killing 200 workers
How many strikes were there in 1913?
2000
When and what was ‘bloody Sunday’?
22nd august 1905
Procession led by father Gapon to winter palace to present petition demanding reform
Attacked by Cossacks - 150 killed, 200 wounded
Evidence of Russia’s ‘backwardness’
Used Julian calendar until 1918 - rest of Europe using Gregorian since
Emancipation Manifesto 1861 - freed serfs, rest of Europe 1848
Causes of the 1905 revolution?
Quick defeat against minor power in Russo-Japanese war 1904-1905
Low wages, lack of civil rights, lack of political freedoms, poor living and working conditions, food shortages, taxes
Growing discontent amongst MC that economic gains from industrialisation not met by political gains
How much money did the tsar spend on the army?
45%
How big was Russsia’s army (largest in world)?
4million - 12millioj during ww1
