Conditions- Bronze Flashcards
Aneurysm
Balloon-like bulge in wall of blood vessel.
Caused by smoking, hypertension, atherosclerosis, infections, genetics (Marfan), trauma, and advanced age.
Atelectasis
Complete or partial collapse of lung that results in reduced gas exchange. Alveoli deflate.
Common cause is surgical anesthesia. Also due to airway obstruction or pressure outside of lungs.
Coughing, fast and shallow breathing, increased HR, cyanosis, reduced O2 sat levels, and occasionally chest pain.
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Causes local inflammation, hypoxia, and fibrotic changes within tissues.
Caused by malfunctioning valves and venous incompetence. Cause venous hypertension.
Edema, feeling of heaviness, dull/aching pain in LEs. Symptoms improve with elevation. Brawny skin discoloration and hyperkeratosis.
Cor Pulmonale
R sided heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension and increased R ventricular afterload.
May be caused by COPD or congenital heart conditions. Acutely due to PE or ARDS.
Pitting edema and jugular vein distension.
Pericarditis
Swelling/irritation of pericardium.
Caused by viral infections or MI, systemic inflammatory disorders, trauma, meds, and radiation to chest.
Sharp chest pain that can radiate to neck or shoulder. SOB, heart palpitations, weakness, fatigue, fever, and coughing.
Pleural effusion
Excess fluid in pleural space. May be caused by CHF, pneumonia, renal or liver disease, cancer, PE, and autoimmune disorder.
SOB, chest pain, cough, and fever.
Pneumothorax
Accumulation of air in pleural cavity causing collapsed lung.
Can be asymptomatic or life threatening depending on size of pneumothorax. Chest pain, SOB, hypoxemia, cyanosis, and hypotension.
Pulmonary Edema
Excess fluid in lungs. Often occurs when L ventricle inability to pump blood to system circulation (L sided heart failure). Other causes include living at high elevations, respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary embolism, adverse drug reactions, viral infections smoke inhalation, and exposure to toxins.
SOB that is worse when lying down, wheezing, weight gain, LE swelling, and fatigue.
Pulmonary Embolism
Embolism that blocks pulmonary artery. Lung tissue becomes ischemic and cannot provide O2 to body.
Sudden onset of dyspnea, coughing, hypoxia, chest pain. Unilateral LE edema, cyanosis, wheezing, diaphoresis, fainting, and rapid or weak pulse.
Respiratory Acidosis
Hypoventilation causes hypercapnia, resulting in decreased bicarbonate levels, which alters acid-base balance.
Often due to pulmonary disease, medications that suppress breathing, limited lung expansion, and respiratory muscle weakness.
Confusion, lethargy, altered mental status, and cyanosis.
Respiratory Alkalosis
Hyperventilation results in hypocapnia, causing decreased hydrogen levels, which alters acid-base balance.
Tachypnea, tachycardia, hyperventilation, and dizziness. Seizures in severe cases.
Sarcoidosis
Thought to result from abnormal immune system response to inhaled foreign substance. Growth of abnormal collections of inflammatory cells, known as granulomas, within the body’s organs.
If affects the lungs, SOB, wheezing, coughing, and chest pain. Also fatigue, weight loss, blurry vision, enlarged lymph nodes, sores or areas of discolored skin, and painful, swollen joints.
Tuberculosis
Active TB symptoms include fever, chills, fatigue, weight loss, decreased appetite, and night sweats. Persistent cough > 3 weeks, bloody sputum, chest pain with deep breathing and coughing.
Venous Thrombosis
Formation of a blood clot within a vein.
Risk factors include prolonged immobility, recent surgery, pregnancy, obesity, cigarette smoking, meds, “thick” blood conditions, blood-clotting disorders, cancer, and certain autoimmune diseases.
Swelling, redness, warmth, and pain in the affected leg.
