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EYE > conditions > Flashcards

conditions Flashcards

1
Q

proptosis?

A

staring eyes - bulging

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2
Q

action of superior oblique and inferior oblique?

A

inferior O = elevates eye

superior O = DEPRESSES EYE

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3
Q

PTOSIS?

A

droopy eyelid

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4
Q

3rd nerve palsy
symptoms?
what it affects?
pupillary response

A

eyelid is closed
eye is down and out
not Able to up and in
pupil not responsive to light

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5
Q

7th nerve palsy?

explain symptoms

A

bells palsy
facial nerve palsy

sudden weakness one side of face
difficulty to close eyelid
facial droop
drooling

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6
Q

meibomian glands?

A

glands in tarsal plate of eye - producing oily substance -

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7
Q

conjunctivitis?

causes

A

bacterial or viral infection

red watery discharge

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8
Q

corneal ulcer caused by?

A

viral/bacterial infection

trauma

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9
Q

dystrophies and degenerations?
how they present
type

A

diseases affecting cornea

bilateral
non-inflam

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10
Q

best treatment for cataract?

A

surgery - remove and replace lens

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11
Q

open-angle glaucoma?

pain?

A

cornea and iris open but trabecular meshwork partially blocked
painless
increase IOP

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12
Q

consequences of increased IOP?

A

PRESSURE on optic nerve

lead to visual defects - blindness

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13
Q

triad of diagnosis for glaucoma?

A

raised IOP
VISUAL FIELD DEFECTS
optic disc changed - unhealthy, pale and cupped

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14
Q

CLOSED ANGLE GLUACOMA?

SYMTPOMS AND PRESENTATION

A

iris blocking the angle
sudden sever pain
increase in IOP RED EYE

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15
Q

what is glaucoma?

A

damage to optic nerve -lead to blindness

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16
Q

what occurs at trabecular meshwork?

A

where the iris and cornea meet and where AH drains

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17
Q

progression of closed and open glaucoma difference?

A

closed - sudden

open - slow progression

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18
Q

laser trabeculoplasty?

A

laser treatment for open glaucoma - to unclog the open channels -

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19
Q

trabeculectomy?

A

creat hole in iris to allow better drainage to relieve pressure in eye

20
Q

ways angle closes in eye? 3

A
  1. large lens blocks
  2. periphery of iris crowds around angle and obstruct outflow
  3. iris sticks to pupillary border which obstructs angle
21
Q

examples of eye drops that reduce IOP?

A

CARBONIC anhydrase inhibitors
beta brockers
prostaglandins

22
Q

urea of eye made up of?

A

middle layer of eye
iris
ciliary body
choroid

23
Q

uveitis causes? 2

A

autoimmune causes

injury

24
Q

amblyopia?

A

lazy eye

25
Q

how pupillary reflex works?

A

light on eye

impulse through optic tract but go to midbrain where EWN is inside 3rd nerve nucleus

fibres go to EWN of both sides - don’t go to the LGB - go to midbrain

EWN - part of 3rd nerve nucleus

then back to orbit through parasympathetic fibers and synapse at ciliary ganglion
to constrictor pupillae

and contract both sides

26
Q

abnormal pupil reflex due to?

A

diseases of optic nerve /retina

disease of 3rd cranial nerve

27
Q

horners syndrome symptoms?

A

ptosis - drops eyelid
anhidrosis - loss of sweating
miosis -constricted pupil
ON ONE SIDE OF FACE

28
Q

HORNERS syndrome damaged what?

A

sympathetic innervation to pupil

29
Q

how to determine epithelial defects on eye?

A

staining with fluroscene

30
Q

corneal abrasion?

treatment

A

scratch on cornea
due to trauma

topical Ab
analgesia for pain

31
Q

cycloplegic med for?

A

to help dilate pupil

32
Q

pilocarpine?

A

help to reduce pressure in eye and constrict pupil

33
Q

orbital cellulitis?

A

inflation and infection of orbital tissues

superficial layer of eyelid

behind septum

34
Q

posterior communicating artery aneurysm can cause?

A

just above 3rd nerve

so can lead to 3rd nerve palsy

35
Q

how does central retinal vein occlusion appear?

A

stormy sky appearance on funds image - haemorragic

36
Q

how does central retinal artery occlusion appear?

A

like a cherry red spot, pale

ischaemic looking

37
Q

acyclovir for?

A

antiviral against herpes

38
Q

central retinal artery occlusion due to?

leads to?

A

secondary embolic cause from heart or carotid arteries

sudden loos of vision

39
Q

management of central retinal vein occlusion ?

A

intravitreal anti vegf

injection into eye to treat retinal conditions

40
Q

anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy DUE TO?

explain each

A

damage to optic nerve by damage to bv

GIANT CELL ARTERITIS - inflamed arteries

OR

non-arteritic - painless

41
Q

giant cell arteritis symptoms?

A

scalp tenderness of superficial temporal arteries

42
Q

AMD?

A

AGE RELATED MACULAR DENEGRATION

gradual loss of central vision

due to deterioration of macula - wears down -

43
Q

drY AMD?

WET AMD?

A

dry = gradual loss of vision

wet = acute loss of vision - quickly

44
Q

dry AMD explain physiology?

A

has drusens
-yellow fat deposits at macula

and an atrophic form - where there are blind spots at centre of vision

45
Q

wet AMD explain physiology?

A

blood vessels grow under macula

and leak fluid

46
Q

diabetic retinopathy?

A

complication of diabetes

due to D it damages retina

47
Q

stages of diabetic retinopathy?

A

swelling of bv in retina - aneurysm
bv become blocked
new bv grow In to retina -neovascularisation
these bv leak - haemorragic

EYE (2 decks)

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