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EYE > ANATOMY > Flashcards

ANATOMY Flashcards

1
Q

white part of eye?

A

sclera = POSTERIOR 5/6

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2
Q

3 layers of eye? order

A 
out 
fibrous coat 
vascular coat 
sensory coat 
in
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3
Q

iris part of eye gives what?

function

A

coloured part of eye

controls diameter of pupil
and controls amount of light entering eyeball

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4
Q

3 parts of vascular part?

A

ciliary body
iris
choroid

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5
Q

cornea?

A

anterior 1/6 of eye which is transparent and allows light into eyeball

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6
Q

choroid function?

A

supplies blood to outer layers of retina by diffusion

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7
Q

what does retina contain?

A

has light sensitive rods and cones which enables us to see

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8
Q

what is lens suspended by and from what?

A

suspended by suspensory ligaments from ciliary body

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9
Q

purpose of aqueous humour?

A

maintains intraocular pressure

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10
Q

prrpose of vitreous humour?

A

helps cushion the retina

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11
Q

chamber of anterior segment?

A

anterior chamber - in front of iris

posterior chamber - behind iris but infront of lens

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12
Q

how does AH flow?

A

from posterior chamber to anterior chamber

through angle of anterior chamber and trabecular meshwork
and then through schlemms canal

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13
Q

what glands present on eyelashes?

A

sebaceous glands

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14
Q

conjunctivae?

what does it not cover?

A

thin vascular membrane that covers inner surface of eyelids and loops back over sclera

not covering cornea

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15
Q

lacrimal gland?

innervation

A

situated in orbit laterally

parasympathetic from facial nerve

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16
Q

innervation of ciliaris?

A

parasympathetic - constrict

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17
Q

innervation of dilator papillae?

A

sympathetic

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18
Q

position of oblique muscles of eye?

A

superior - from roof of orbit posteriorly

inferior - floor of orbit anteriorly

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19
Q

how do the recti and oblique muscles insert onto eye?

A

recti - anteriorly onto sclera

oblique - posteriorly onto sclera

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20
Q

extra muscle of eye called?

A

LPS - lever palpebrae superioris

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21
Q

innervation of eye muscles?

A

SO - trochlear nerve
LR - abducent nerve

everything else - occulomotor

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22
Q

optic nerve of eye does what?

A

carries visual impulse from eyeball to brain etc

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23
Q

oculomotor nerve of eye?
fibers type
pathway?

A

innervates all eye muscles except two and carries parasympathetic fibers

flows to synapse at ciliary ganglion in orbit

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24
Q

what artery supplies orbit?

A

ophthalmic artery branch of ICA

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25
Q

central retinal artery?

A

branch of ophthalmic artery - supplies inner layers of retina

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26
Q

short posterior ciliary arteries?

A

branches of ophthalmic artery - supply posterior part of choroid and outer retina

27
Q

long posterior ciliary arteries?

A

branches of ophthalmic artery - supply anterior part of choroid, ciliary body, iris

28
Q

innervation of eye includeS?

A

sensory
motor
autonomic

29
Q

sensory innervation of eye by?

A

CN V1

30
Q

any blood vessels in cornea?

A

no vascularity here

31
Q

name of basement membranes in cornea?

A

bowman

descemets

32
Q

cornea transplant why is avascularity key?

A

rejection of transplant is unlikely - less matching is needed here

33
Q

glaucoma?

A

where angle is closed and AH not drained and intraocular pressure increases in eye leading to blindness

34
Q

fovea centralis?

A

cones and no rods

packed with cones and so max visual acuity
centre part of fovea

35
Q

cataract is opacification where?

A

on LENS

36
Q

macula?

A

more cones than rods

37
Q

function of tears?

A

keeps cornea moist
washes away foreign bodies
provides smooth surface for refraction of light

38
Q

3 layers of tear film?

A

inner/deep - mucinous layer
aqueous layer - water
outer/superifical - oily layer

39
Q

blinking does what to tear film?

A

distributes tear filme evenly

40
Q

what happens to tear film with eyes open?

and triggers to blink

A

aqueous component of tears begin to evaporate and oily layer is getting closer to the mutinous layer

when these 2 layers touch it triggers to blink

41
Q

how does light move in eye?

A

light waves bend at cornea but more so at lens to form clear image on retina

42
Q

close up objects therefore?

lens

A

lens is thicker and constricts more

as need to bend light more

43
Q

accommodation of eye?

A

ability to focus on far off or near objects by changing how much we need to bend light

44
Q

what causes lens to contract?

innervated by?

A

ciliary body contraction
by parasympathetic innervation
makes lens thicker

45
Q

what happens to eyes when close up object?

A

converge

46
Q

name all extrinsic muscles of eye?

A 
MEDIAL RECTUS 
LATERAL RECTUS 
INFERIOR RECTUS 
SUPERIOR RECTUS 
SUPERIOR OBLIQUE 
INFERIOR OBLIQUE
47
Q

MYOPIA?

explain issue

treatment

A

short -sight
see close up not far off

-2/-3 etc

rays focus before retina - bending power too much

use of biconcave lens to correct and reduce bending power

48
Q

hyperopia?

explain issue

treatment

A

long sighted
see far off not close up

+2/+3

rays formed behind retina

use of biconvex lens to elevate bending power

49
Q

convergent squint in person means?

A

hyperopia

50
Q

astigmatism?

explain physiology

treatment

A

close up and far off are hazy

due to surface having different curvature in different areas

cylindrical glasses - one curve on axis

measured in degrees & numbers seperetaly

51
Q

what in the eye generates AP?

A

rods and cones triggered by visible light

52
Q

lamellae of rods contain?

A

visual pigment rhodopsin in the cell membrane

53
Q

lamellae of cones contain?

A

cone OSPINS O, M, L

WHICH DIFFER IN THEIR SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY

54
Q

HOW DOES LIGHT ONTO visual pigments in the rods and cones result in action potential?

A

1.light onto rods/cones
2.opsin protein in them have vitamin A structure called 11 cis retinal
3. it is converted to all-trans retinal
cell changes shape

all-trans retinal bleaches pigment

lead to hyperpolaristaion
and impulse transmitted and ap created

55
Q

phototrasnduction?

A

where light is converted into electrical impulses

56
Q

role of vitamin A in the visual pigment?

A

visual pigment regeneration - RECYCLE OF CIS RETINOL - to reform opsin

57
Q

vitamin A deficiency?

A

will affect vision

needed for healthy epithelium

58
Q

vitamin A deficiency signs?

A

triangle spots in conjunctivae

corneal ulcers

59
Q

where is trans-retinol converted into cis retinol?

A

in RPE -

60
Q

visual field test?

A

use of finger to test fuel of vision

61
Q

visual acuity test?

A

use of snellens chart

62
Q

how do fibres run in the eye?

A
  1. from eye through optic nerve
  2. through optic chiasma
  3. medial fibers cross here to opposite side
  4. through optic tract
  5. synapse at LGB of thalamus
  6. from here optic radiation to reach primary visual cortex in occipital lobe
63
Q

optic chiasma lesion lead to?

A

bitemporal hemianopia

64
Q

optic tract/radiation lesion lead to?

A

contralateral homonymous hemianopia

EYE (2 decks)

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