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ENT Y2 JC > Conditions > Flashcards

Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

How long would you expect acute pharyngitis to last?

A

3 days if not then something else going on

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2
Q

Man presents with a white patch in the posterior pharynx. It looks wuite thick. He has not been vaccinated. What is the likely diagnoiss?

A

Diptheria

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3
Q

Young child presents with ear ache, he recently recovered from an URTI. He has been tugging at his ear for a few days. What is the likley diagnosis?

A

Acute otitis media

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4
Q

Man presents with foul smelling discharge from his right ear. He also mentions its been difficult to hear people when talkingto him. On otoscopy there is crusting in the uppermost part of the ear drum. Likely diagnosis

A

Cholesteatoma

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5
Q

Man presents with dizziness when he looks up and down, that lasts seconds. First thing when he sits up in the morning. You do the dix hallpike test which is positive. What is the diagnosis and the treatment?

A

Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo

EPLEY MANOEUVRE

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6
Q

What causes benign positional paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV)

A

Material from utricle displaces into the semicircular canals that percieve orientation of the head and so balance. Causing the sensation of spinning due to stimulating them

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7
Q

Man presents with recurring episodes where the have difficulty hearing, with a feeling of pressure in the ear, tinnitus and dizziness. This lasts around 20 minutes or hours. What is the liklely diagnosis

A

Menieres disease

Only dizziness one that makes ear feel full

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8
Q

Man presents with extreme dizziness mentioning that when he first felt this he had nausea and vomiting. His dizziness can last days. He has no tinnitus, aural fullness or feeling of position changing anything. What is the diagnosis?

A

Vestibular neuronitis

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9
Q

Primary child presents with local lymphadenopathy, fever and crusted vesciles around their mouth area particularly around the vermillion border. What is the likely diagnosis and treatment

A

Herpes simplex virus

Aciclovir oral

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10
Q

If you want to swab a vesicle for a viral transport medium what is the coloured cap you should put the swab into?

A

RED

Blue bacteria

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11
Q

What is the pathogen responsible for herpangina?

A

Cocksaxie virus

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12
Q

What is the treatment for syphillis? What is the pathogen responsible?

A

Treponema pallidum

Penicillin

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13
Q

Female presents with recurring painful ulcers in the buccal mucosa. On inspection they are ovoid and it has an inflammatory halo. They usually resolve in 1-2 weeks she says. What is the likely diagnosis

A

Apthous ulcers

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14
Q

What are the differentials for recurrent painful mouth ulcers?

A

Behcets disease (inflammation of blood vessels and tissues)
Coeliac disease
Apthous ulcer
Lichen planus/ pemphigoid
Reiters disease (Reactive arthritis) (cant see, pee or climb a tree - uveitis, urethritis, arthritis)

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15
Q

16 year old presents with 1 day severe pain in the back of the throat, he has cervical lymphadenopathy, no cough, and tonsilar exudate. What is the likely diagnosis and treatment?

A

Acute pharyngitis

As 3/4 points for Centor criteria then prescribe antibioitcs- penicillin

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16
Q

What are the treatment options for viral causes of acute pharyngitis?

A

Nothing

Promote self care with medicated losengers and analgesia

17
Q

Traveller presents with a white membrane in their posterior pharynx. They are a anti-vaxxer. What is the likley diagnosis? Treatmetn?

A

Diptheria

Antitoxin

18
Q

Student presents with fever, malaise and a really sore throat. On examination they have cervical lymphadenopathy and a red non blanching rash on their hard palate. You do bloods which show lymphocytosis. What are your differentials?

A

HIV

Glandular fever

19
Q

Man presents with white patches on his tongue on the background of red raw mucous membranes. He has COPD and is on steroid inhlaers. Likely diagnosis?

A

Oral candida

Epdi- smokers

20
Q

Child presents with ear ache, they previously had an upper respiratory infection. On otoscopy there is a bulging tympanic membrane. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Acute otits media with effusion

21
Q

70 yrs old Diabetic male presents with severe ear pain and headache. On clinical examination there is nothing to relate the severe pain. What is the likely diagnosis and treatment?

A

Malginant otitis externa- pain unproportional to clincal presentaiton.

Urgent referal to ENT where CT or MRI will be taken

Commonly from pseudomonas or staph aureus

22
Q

Ocean swimmer presents with an inflammed itchy and sore ear. What is the likley diagnosis?

A

Otitis externa

23
Q

What is the normal hearing range in dB?

A

> 20dB

24
Q

An audiogram is taken of a patient showing no difference betwen bone and air conduction with a dip at 4K Hz. What is the diagnosis

A

Sensorineural hearing loss due to chronic noise exposure e.g contruction

25
Q

You do an audiogram of a patient, it shows bone conduction is greater than air conduction. E.g there is a bone air gap. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Conductive hearing loss

- maybe due to otitis media

26
Q

A child has otitis media with effusion, what appearance would you expect on tympanogram?

A

Type B

Flattened tympanogram with no peak

27
Q

What type of typanogram would you expect from a child with eustachian tube dysfunction ?

A

Type C

Where peak has shifted left

28
Q

Define sudden sensorineural hearing loss

A

Sudden hearing loss of at least 30dB at 3 frequencies

29
Q

What is an extremen complication of nasal trauma which is an emergency

A

Septal haematoma

30
Q

What is the treatment for epistaxis?

A

Pinch soft part of the nose and lean forward, should stop in 10-20 minutes if not need to go to A/E.
A/E will give topical vasoconstrictor like lignocaine, remove clot and suction then pack

31
Q

What is the cause of a pinna haematoma? What is the treatment

A

Cauliflower ear
Sub perichondrial haematoma from trauma

Treat with incision and drainage and refrain from contact sports for a few weeks

32
Q

Man presents with hearing loss in his right ear, vertigo and facial palsy. He mentions he got into a drunken fight that he cant remember and woke up like this. On examination there is battles sign and webbers test localises to the right. What is the likely diagnosis>

A

Temporal bone fracture (longitudinal type most common)

Would treat with surgical reconstruction

33
Q

What is the treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Prednisolone 1mg/kg for a week and urgent referral to ENT

34
Q

What muscle is commonly injured in orbital injury?

A

Inferior rectus

35
Q

What is the treatment for bacterial acute tonsilitis?

A

Penicillin 500mg 4tds for 10 days

If allergic then clarithromycin

ENT Y2 JC (3 decks)

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