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Child health > Conditions > Flashcards

Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Pre-eclampsia will present with what

A

proteinuria and hypertension

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2
Q

What is an abnormal amount for babies to lose weight after birth

A

most babies lose up to 10% after birth, anything >10% loss of weight is abnormal

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3
Q

What is different between the anatomy of an infant vs an adult

A

babies have more flexible ribs
higher anterior larynx
more prominent occiput

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4
Q

What does pyloric stenosis present as

A 
2-7 weeks 
projectile (non-bile stained) vomiting (after feeding) 
may have absence of stools
weight loss/ poor weight gain 
contant hunger 
otherwise healthy
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5
Q

What is the investigations for pyloric stenosis

A

test feed
on exam - palpable “olive shaped” mass in RUQ
imaging - muscle at the pylorus which shouldn’t be there

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6
Q

What is the treatment for pyloric stenosis

A

pyloromyotomy - 3 small incisions

- cuts through muscle only, not mucousa

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7
Q

What is pea and carrot syndrome in toddlers

A

undigested veg in stools

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8
Q

What is the cause of pea and carrot syndrome in toddlers

A

immaturity of intestinal motility –> veg to not be digested

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9
Q

What will a toddler NOT have in pea and carrot syndrome

A

weight loss
dehydration
malabsorption
electrolyte imbalance

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10
Q

What is the treatment for pea and carrot syndrome

A

most children grow out of it by age 5yrs

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11
Q

What is coeliac disease

A

villous atrophy caused by intolerance to gliadin causing flattened mucousa

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12
Q

What is gliadin

A

a component of gluten

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of coeliac disease

A 
abnormal stool
abnormal distention 
buttock wasting 
malabsorption
irritability
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14
Q

What is the investigations for coeliac disease

A 
antibody testing (must be on a gluten diet) 
if antibodies +ve --> referral to gastro ward - may do more serology testing for HLA-DQ2 or IgA or may do a jejunal biopsy
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15
Q

what is the diagnostic test for coeliac disease

A

jejunal biopsy

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16
Q

What is the treatment for coeliac disease

A

life-long gluten free diet

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17
Q

What is Hirschprung’s disease

A

loss of parasympathetic innervation at the large intestine (usually at the rectum and moves proximally)

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18
Q

What does Hirschprung’s present as in the early stage

A

inability to pass stool in the first 48 hours of life
abdominal distention
bile stained vomitous

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19
Q

What does Hirschprung’s present as in later life

A

constipation
diarrhoea
abdominal distention

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20
Q

what is the investigation for Hischprungs disease

A

PR exam - narrowed segment

- no removing finger, gush of liquid stools and flatus

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21
Q

What is the treatment for Hischprung’s

A

surgery

22
Q

What will a tracheo-oesophageal fistula present as

A

chronic cough
baby turns cyanosed when eating
recurrent aspiration pneumonia

23
Q

What is Gilbert’s syndrome

A

pre-hepatic jaundice caused by impaired bile salt conjugation

24
Q

What is the typical presentation of Gilbert’s syndrome

A

infant gets recurrent chest infections associated with jaundice which clears up when infection disseminates

25
Q

What is intussusception

A

telescoping of one part of the bowel (usually ileo-caecal valve) into another

26
Q

What is the presentation of intussusception

A

jelly like stools
palpable sausage shaped mass
vomiting episodic colicky pain

27
Q

what is the typical presentation of a baby with intussusception

A

baby draws legs in then vomits and lets out a high pitched cry

28
Q

What will intussusception be seen on investigations as

A

USS - target sign

29
Q

What is the treatment for intussusception

A

air reduction - air is blown through bottom to push bowel back out

30
Q

What is duodenal atrasia

A

complete obstruction of the 2nd part of the duodenum

31
Q

What does duodenal atrasia present as

A

non-bile stained vomiting

32
Q

What is the investigation for duodenal atrasia

A

abdominal x-ray - double bubble sign

- no gas within bowel distally

33
Q

What is the treatment for duodenal atrasia

A

nasogastric tube and IV fluids

surgery

34
Q

What is febrile convulsion

A

seizure associated with sudden increase in temp >38. 5

35
Q

When breast feeding, what does the mum transfer on to the baby

A

IgA
lymphocytes
macrophages

36
Q

What should a mum be taking while she is breastfeeding

A

Vitamin D

37
Q

What is haemolytic uraemic syndrome caused by

A

E.coli 0157

38
Q

what does HUS present as

A

bloody diarrhoea
AKI - haematuria, oliguria
thrombocytopenia
haemolytic anaemia

39
Q

What is respiratory distress syndrome

A

when a baby is not producing surfactant so alveoli collapse

occurs in the first 4 hours of life

40
Q

What will a baby with resp distress syndrome present with

A

RR>60
cyanosis
subcostal/intercostal recession
expiratory grunting

41
Q

What is the treatment for resp distress syndrome

A

CPAP

ventilate and give surfactant

42
Q

What is the moro-startle reflex

A

baby stretches arms out then back in and cries when someone pretends to drop them

43
Q

what is the tonic neck reflex

A

also called the fencing reflex

44
Q

What is the grasp reflex

A

baby holds on to anything tightly that touches its palm

45
Q

What is the rooting reflex

A

when someone strokes a babies cheek, it will turn towards that side and look for the object

46
Q

What is the sucking reflex

A

the baby will suck on anything that touches the roof of its mouth

47
Q

What is the mainstay cause of growth in infants, children and teenager

A

infant - nutrition
children - GH
teenagers - sex hormones and puberty

48
Q

What is congenital hypothyroidism

A

prolonged jaundice (>14 days)
umbilical hernia
large tongue
bradycardia

49
Q

What is the investigation for congenital hypothyroidism

A

Guthrie’s test (heel prick test)

50
Q

What is the autism triad

A

communication
social interaction
flexibility of thought/imagination

51
Q

What are the red flags in growth development

A 
Not reaching for objects by 6 months 
Not sitting up unsupported by 1yr
Asymmetrical movement 
loss of skills 
Unable to speak/walk by 18 months
52
Q

Malrotation will present as

A

green bilous vomiting

Child health (2 decks)

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