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Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference between acute and chronic asthma

A

acute is reversible

chronic involves airway remodelling and isnt reversible

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2
Q

inflammatory cells in asthma

A

eosinophils

IgE

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3
Q

inflammatory cells in COPD

A

neutrophils

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4
Q

wheeze
non productive cough
kid
diurinal variation

FEV1 reduced, FVC normal = FEV1/FVC reduced = PEFR reduced

A

asthma

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5
Q

acute asthma attack treatment

A

O SHIT MA(N)

Oxygen 
Salbutamol 
Hydrocortisone 
Ipratropium 
Theophylline 
Magnesium 
Anaesthetist
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6
Q

first line asthma treatment

A

SABA (salbutamol)

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7
Q

second line asthma treatment after SABA (salbutamol)

A

SABA + ICS

ICS = maintenance, SABA = reliever

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8
Q

third line asthma treatment after ICS

A

SABA + ICS and LTRA (montelukast)

ICS and LTRA = maintenance, SABA = reliever

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9
Q

fourth line asthma treatment after ICS and LTRA (montelukast)

A

SABA + ICS and LABA (salmeterol) +/- LTRA

ICS and LABA and LTRA = maintenance, SABA = reliever

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10
Q

fifth line asthma treatment after ICS and LABA (salmeterol) +/- LTRA

A

SABA + increased ICS dose and LABA (salmeterol) +/- LTRA

ICS and LABA and LTRA = maintenance, SABA = reliever

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11
Q

treatment of anaphylaxis (3)

A 
adrenaline 
antihistamine IV (prirton) 
steroids IV (hyrodcortisone)
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12
Q

which is the worse form of COPD; chronic bronchitis or emphysema

A

emphysema

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13
Q

aetiology of COPD

A

smoking

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14
Q

productive cough
smoker
frequent chest infections

FEV1 reduced
FVC reduced
FEV1/FVC reduced

A

COPD

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15
Q

first line treatment for COPD

A

SABA (salbutamol)

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16
Q

second line treatment for COPD after SABA (salbutamol)

A

SAMA (ipratropium)

SABA/SAMA combo

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17
Q

third line treatment for COPD after SABA/SAMA combo

A

LAMA (tiotropium)

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18
Q

fourth line treatment for COPD after LAMA

A

LAMA/LABA/ICS combo (tiotropium/formetolol/beclamethasone)

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19
Q

acute exacerbation of COPD treatment

A

iSOAP

ipratropium 
salbutamol
oxygen 
amoxicillin 
prednisolone
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20
Q

on CXR;; alveolar bat wings, kerley B lines, Cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels

A

pulmonary oedema

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21
Q

long haul flight/on the pill
haemoptysis
dyspnoea chest pain
d-dimers raised

A

PE from DVT

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22
Q

haem influenza B infection in unvaccinated child
thumbprint sign on lateral xray
severe croup/stridor
treated with ceftriazxone IV

A

epiglottitis

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23
Q

kid with ‘barking cough the inspiratory whoop’
bordatella pertussis infection
treated with clarithromycin

A

whooping cough

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24
Q 
kid with RSV infection 
cough 
fever 
poor feeding 
do PCR
A

bronchiolitis

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25
kid with barking cough steeple sign on CXR treated with steroids
croup
26
``` fever productive cough (green) pleuritic chest pain dyspnoea pleural rub on auscultation dull percussion consolidation on CXR ```
pneumonia
27
severity of CAP score
CURB65 ``` confusion urea >7 resp rate >30 bp <90/60 age >65 ```
28
CURB65 0-2 severity and treatment
mild/moderate CAP amoxicillin PO (mild CAP = theyre A-ok = Amoxicillin)
29
CURB65 3-5 severity and treatment
severe CAP coamoxiclav IV and doxycycline PO (severe Cap = theyre Dead (not quite lol) = Coamoxiclav and Doyxcycline)
30
CAP admitted to ICU treatment
coamoxiclav IV and clarithromycin IV | Cap in iCu = Coamoxiclav and Clarythromycin
31
HAP treatment
amoxicillin, metronidazole, gentamicin | A Man Gets pneumonia in hospital = Amoxicillin, Metronidazole, Gentamicin
32
general treatment for atypical pneumonias
clarithromycin
33
pneumonia microbio old people/children rusty sputum lobar
strep pneumonia
34
pneumonia microbio nursery workers COPD
haem influenzae
35
pneumonia microbio PWID recent flu cavitating pneumonia treated with flucloxacillin
staph aureus
36
pneumonia microbio from sheep/goats Q fever
coxella burnetti
37
pneumonia microbio pigeon fancier
chlamydia psittaci | he gets chlamydia from his burd lol
38
pneumonia microbio irregular sexual partners
chlamydia pneumoniae
39
pneumonia microbio ``` returned traveller (business man in spain) hotel had a spa with faulty air conditioning do urine antigen ``` treated with levofloxacin
legionella
40
pneumonia microbio immunocompromised red jelly sputum cavitating
klebsiella
41
if you cant see the right heart border where is the consolidation (pneumonia)
right middle lobe
42
if you cant see the right hemidiaphragm where is the consolidation (pneumonia)
right lower lobe
43
pneumonia microbio alcoholic (aspiration pneumonia) CF
pseudomonas aeruginosa
44
pneumonia microbio immunocompromised (HIV, cancer) dry cough
pneumocystis jirovecii
45
TB treatment
2 RIPE 4 RI 2 months of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol 4 months of rifampicin, isoniazid
46
TB drug with orange body fluids side effect
rifampicin
47
TB drug with vision side effect
ethambutol
48
TB drug with vitamin deficiencies and tingling side effect
isoniazid
49
TB drug with joint pain and jaundice side effect
pyrazinamide
50
restrictive lung disease with finger clubbing
interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
51
bilateral enlarged hilum on CXR (lymphadenopathy) | red lesions on shins (erythema nodosum)
sarcoidosis
52
what are farmers lung, mushroom workers lung, bird fanciers lung examples of
extrinsic allergic alveolitis
53
what are asbestosis, sarcoidosis, rheumatoid ... and coal workers lung examples of
pneumoconiosis
54
what type of cancer can asbestosis exposure cause
malignant mesothelioma
55
stoney dull to percussion
pleural effusion
56
blunting of costophrenic angle on CXR
pleural effusion
57
what type of cancer is a malignant mesothelioma
pleural cancer (NOT a lung cancer)
58
thin tall man that smokes cannabis deviated trachea reduced chest expansion
pneumothorax
59
treatment of tension pneumothorax
large bore (grey/brown) cannula in 2nd/3rd intercostal space midclavicular line
60
what is a wheeze
lower airway obstruction
61
what is a stridor
upper airway obstruction eg foreign body, croup
62
which lung cancer has worst prognosis
small cell
63
central lung cancer secretes ACTH and ADH = cushings, lambert eaton p53 antigen dark cells on histology
small cell
64
which lung cancer occurs in non smokers
adenocarcinoma
65
peripheral lung cancer glandular tissue = stains blue expresses thyroid transcription factor TTf1
adenocarcinoma
66
peripheral lung cancer | releases sex hormones = gynaecomastia
large cell | bc LARGE cell = LARGE breasts
67
central cavitating lung cancer lung cancer at the apexes (pancoast tumour) PTH secreting tumour = hypercalcaemia
squamous cell carcinoma
68
6th line chronic asthma treatment after increased ICS dose and LABA (salmeterol) +/- LTRA
PO steroid (prednisolone) and referral

J Resp (2 decks)

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