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J Resp > Conditions > Flashcards

Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference between acute and chronic asthma

A

acute is reversible

chronic involves airway remodelling and isnt reversible

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2
Q

inflammatory cells in asthma

A

eosinophils

IgE

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3
Q

inflammatory cells in COPD

A

neutrophils

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4
Q

wheeze
non productive cough
kid
diurinal variation

FEV1 reduced, FVC normal = FEV1/FVC reduced = PEFR reduced

A

asthma

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5
Q

acute asthma attack treatment

A

O SHIT MA(N)

Oxygen 
Salbutamol 
Hydrocortisone 
Ipratropium 
Theophylline 
Magnesium 
Anaesthetist
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6
Q

first line asthma treatment

A

SABA (salbutamol)

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7
Q

second line asthma treatment after SABA (salbutamol)

A

SABA + ICS

ICS = maintenance, SABA = reliever

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8
Q

third line asthma treatment after ICS

A

SABA + ICS and LTRA (montelukast)

ICS and LTRA = maintenance, SABA = reliever

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9
Q

fourth line asthma treatment after ICS and LTRA (montelukast)

A

SABA + ICS and LABA (salmeterol) +/- LTRA

ICS and LABA and LTRA = maintenance, SABA = reliever

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10
Q

fifth line asthma treatment after ICS and LABA (salmeterol) +/- LTRA

A

SABA + increased ICS dose and LABA (salmeterol) +/- LTRA

ICS and LABA and LTRA = maintenance, SABA = reliever

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11
Q

treatment of anaphylaxis (3)

A 
adrenaline 
antihistamine IV (prirton) 
steroids IV (hyrodcortisone)
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12
Q

which is the worse form of COPD; chronic bronchitis or emphysema

A

emphysema

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13
Q

aetiology of COPD

A

smoking

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14
Q

productive cough
smoker
frequent chest infections

FEV1 reduced
FVC reduced
FEV1/FVC reduced

A

COPD

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15
Q

first line treatment for COPD

A

SABA (salbutamol)

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16
Q

second line treatment for COPD after SABA (salbutamol)

A

SAMA (ipratropium)

SABA/SAMA combo

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17
Q

third line treatment for COPD after SABA/SAMA combo

A

LAMA (tiotropium)

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18
Q

fourth line treatment for COPD after LAMA

A

LAMA/LABA/ICS combo (tiotropium/formetolol/beclamethasone)

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19
Q

acute exacerbation of COPD treatment

A

iSOAP

ipratropium 
salbutamol
oxygen 
amoxicillin 
prednisolone
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20
Q

on CXR;; alveolar bat wings, kerley B lines, Cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels

A

pulmonary oedema

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21
Q

long haul flight/on the pill
haemoptysis
dyspnoea chest pain
d-dimers raised

A

PE from DVT

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22
Q

haem influenza B infection in unvaccinated child
thumbprint sign on lateral xray
severe croup/stridor
treated with ceftriazxone IV

A

epiglottitis

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23
Q

kid with ‘barking cough the inspiratory whoop’
bordatella pertussis infection
treated with clarithromycin

A

whooping cough

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24
Q 
kid with RSV infection 
cough 
fever 
poor feeding 
do PCR
A

bronchiolitis

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25
Q

kid with barking cough
steeple sign on CXR
treated with steroids

A

croup

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26
Q 
fever 
productive cough (green) 
pleuritic chest pain 
dyspnoea 
pleural rub on auscultation 
dull percussion 
consolidation on CXR
A

pneumonia

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27
Q

severity of CAP score

A

CURB65

confusion 
urea >7
resp rate >30 
bp <90/60
age >65
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28
Q

CURB65 0-2 severity and treatment

A

mild/moderate CAP

amoxicillin PO

(mild CAP = theyre A-ok = Amoxicillin)

29
Q

CURB65 3-5 severity and treatment

A

severe CAP

coamoxiclav IV and doxycycline PO

(severe Cap = theyre Dead (not quite lol) = Coamoxiclav and Doyxcycline)

30
Q

CAP admitted to ICU treatment

A

coamoxiclav IV and clarithromycin IV

Cap in iCu = Coamoxiclav and Clarythromycin

31
Q

HAP treatment

A

amoxicillin, metronidazole, gentamicin

A Man Gets pneumonia in hospital = Amoxicillin, Metronidazole, Gentamicin

32
Q

general treatment for atypical pneumonias

A

clarithromycin

33
Q

pneumonia microbio

old people/children
rusty sputum
lobar

A

strep pneumonia

34
Q

pneumonia microbio

nursery workers
COPD

A

haem influenzae

35
Q

pneumonia microbio

PWID
recent flu
cavitating pneumonia
treated with flucloxacillin

A

staph aureus

36
Q

pneumonia microbio

from sheep/goats
Q fever

A

coxella burnetti

37
Q

pneumonia microbio

pigeon fancier

A

chlamydia psittaci

he gets chlamydia from his burd lol

38
Q

pneumonia microbio

irregular sexual partners

A

chlamydia pneumoniae

39
Q

pneumonia microbio

returned traveller (business man in spain) 
hotel had a spa with faulty air conditioning 
do urine antigen

treated with levofloxacin

A

legionella

40
Q

pneumonia microbio

immunocompromised
red jelly sputum
cavitating

A

klebsiella

41
Q

if you cant see the right heart border where is the consolidation (pneumonia)

A

right middle lobe

42
Q

if you cant see the right hemidiaphragm where is the consolidation (pneumonia)

A

right lower lobe

43
Q

pneumonia microbio

alcoholic (aspiration pneumonia)
CF

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

44
Q

pneumonia microbio

immunocompromised (HIV, cancer)
dry cough

A

pneumocystis jirovecii

45
Q

TB treatment

A

2 RIPE 4 RI

2 months of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol
4 months of rifampicin, isoniazid

46
Q

TB drug with orange body fluids side effect

A

rifampicin

47
Q

TB drug with vision side effect

A

ethambutol

48
Q

TB drug with vitamin deficiencies and tingling side effect

A

isoniazid

49
Q

TB drug with joint pain and jaundice side effect

A

pyrazinamide

50
Q

restrictive lung disease with finger clubbing

A

interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

51
Q

bilateral enlarged hilum on CXR (lymphadenopathy)

red lesions on shins (erythema nodosum)

A

sarcoidosis

52
Q

what are farmers lung, mushroom workers lung, bird fanciers lung examples of

A

extrinsic allergic alveolitis

53
Q

what are asbestosis, sarcoidosis, rheumatoid … and coal workers lung examples of

A

pneumoconiosis

54
Q

what type of cancer can asbestosis exposure cause

A

malignant mesothelioma

55
Q

stoney dull to percussion

A

pleural effusion

56
Q

blunting of costophrenic angle on CXR

A

pleural effusion

57
Q

what type of cancer is a malignant mesothelioma

A

pleural cancer (NOT a lung cancer)

58
Q

thin tall man that smokes cannabis
deviated trachea
reduced chest expansion

A

pneumothorax

59
Q

treatment of tension pneumothorax

A

large bore (grey/brown) cannula in 2nd/3rd intercostal space midclavicular line

60
Q

what is a wheeze

A

lower airway obstruction

61
Q

what is a stridor

A

upper airway obstruction eg foreign body, croup

62
Q

which lung cancer has worst prognosis

A

small cell

63
Q

central lung cancer
secretes ACTH and ADH = cushings, lambert eaton
p53 antigen
dark cells on histology

A

small cell

64
Q

which lung cancer occurs in non smokers

A

adenocarcinoma

65
Q

peripheral lung cancer
glandular tissue = stains blue
expresses thyroid transcription factor TTf1

A

adenocarcinoma

66
Q

peripheral lung cancer

releases sex hormones = gynaecomastia

A

large cell

bc LARGE cell = LARGE breasts

67
Q

central cavitating lung cancer
lung cancer at the apexes (pancoast tumour)
PTH secreting tumour = hypercalcaemia

A

squamous cell carcinoma

68
Q

6th line chronic asthma treatment after increased ICS dose and LABA (salmeterol) +/- LTRA

A

PO steroid (prednisolone) and referral

J Resp (2 decks)

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