Conditions

Question 1

Premature medical complications - meconium aspiration syndrome

Answer 1

Due to bowel movement in utero
Near term or term infant inhales substance and can develop resp. distress
20% will have developmental delays and some up until 3 yrs

Question 2

Premature medical complications - Respiratory distress syndrome or hyaline membrane disease

Answer 2

Resp distress due to atelectasis caused by insufficient surfactant in premature lungs
May lead to acute resp failure and death

Question 3

Premature medical complications - Bronchopulmonary dysplagia

Answer 3

Chronic lung disease as a result of damage to lungs from mechanical vent, oxygen admin, or RDS
Predisposes child to frequent resp infections and develop delays

Question 4

Premature medical complications - Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)

Answer 4

necrosis of white matter adjacent to ventricle of brain due to systemic hypotension or ischemia
may result in CP

Question 5

Premature medical complications - Periventricular-Intraventricular hemorrhage

Answer 5

bleeding into immature vascular matrix

Grades 2-4 can lead to CP

Question 6

Premature medical complications - Retinopahty of prematurity (ROP)

Answer 6

due to combination of low birth weight and high oxygen levels

Question 7

Premature medical complications - necrotizing enterocolitis

Answer 7

ischemia results in inflammatory, infected bowel

Question 8

Premature medical complications - patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Answer 8

ductus arteriosus should close soon after birth

Question 9

CP

Answer 9

group of disorders that are prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal in origin

Question 10

CP - non progressive encephalopathy

Answer 10

major causes includee hemorrhage below lining of ventricles, hypoxic encephalopathy, malformations and trauma of CNS

Question 11

Classifications for CP

Answer 11

By area of body showing impairment
Type of movement disorder
Gross motor classification system (GMFM)

Question 12

Classifications for CP - area of body

Answer 12

one limb - monoplegia
two - di
upper and lower of one side of body - hemi
all four limbs - quad

Question 13

Classifications for CP - movement disorder

Answer 13

Spastic
Athetosis
Ataxia
Dystonia
Hypotonia
Mixed

Question 14

Classifications for CP - GMFM

Answer 14

1 - walk w/o restriction
2 - walk w/o ad
3 - walk w/ ad 
4 - self mobility with limitations
5 - self mobility with severe limitations

Question 15

Myelodysplasia/Spina bifida

Answer 15

neural tibe defect resulting in vertebral and/or spinal cord malformation
elevated serum or amniotic alpha fetoprotein, amniotic acetylcholinesterase in prenatal period used for diagnosis

Question 16

Spina bifida occulta

Answer 16

no spinal cord involvements - may be indicated by a tuft hair, dimple, or sinus

Question 17

Spina bifida cystica

Answer 17

visible or open lesion
Meningocele
Myelomeningocele

Question 18

Spina bifida cystica - meningocele

Answer 18

cyst includes CSF

cord is intact

Question 19

SB cystica - myelomeningocele

Answer 19

cyst includes CSF and herniated cord tissue

Question 20

SB can develop Arnold Chiari II malformation

Answer 20

cbm and brainstem are pushed through foramen magnum

Question 21

Brachial plexus injury

Answer 21

traction or compression to unilateral brachial plexus during birth process or due to cervical rib abnormality

Question 22

Erbs palsy

Answer 22

Involves C5/C6, upper arm paralysis
may invovle rhomboids, lev scap, SA, deltoid, supra and infraspinatus, biceps, brachioradialis, brachialis, supinator, long exten of wrist, fingers, and thumb

Question 23

Klumpkes paralysis

Answer 23

invovles C8-T1, lower arm paralysis, intrinsic hand muscles, flexors and ext of wrist and fingers

Question 24

Down syndrome

Answer 24

trisomy 21

chromosomal abnormality caused by breakage and translocation of a piece of chromosome onto normal chromosome

Question 25

TBI

Answer 25

Primary brain injury due to mechancal forces of initial impact
Secondary brain injury due to processes initiated as result of initial trauma

Question 26

Duchenne MD

Answer 26

X linked recessive
inherited by boys
carried by recessive gene of mother
Dystrophin gene is missing which results in inc permeability of sarcolemma and destruction of mm cells

Question 27

Beckers MD

Answer 27

slower variant of DMD
emerges in late childhood or adolescence
cease walking around 27 and death around 42

Question 28

Autism spectrum disorder

Answer 28

Developmental disorder that appears in the first 3 yrs of life and affects the brains normal development of socail and communication skill