Conditions

Question 1

Hypermobility

Answer 1

• Increased joint mobility above normal ranges

Symptoms: Greater ROM
Painful if ligaments are overstretched and intra-articular adhesions are stretched or painless if ligaments are ruptured.
Muscles crossing joints are hypertonic to provide support.

Testing:
rib motion/rib palpation
a/c shear test
si joint gapping or squishing
nine point scoring system

Question 2

Hypomobility

Answer 2

Loss of motion in a joint
loss of normal joint pay movements
joint mobility below normal ranges

Symptoms:
joint has reduced ROM
stiffness and pain
joint capsule firbrosed, shortened fascia, adhesions
entrapped or compressed nerves
myofascial pain, trigger points

Etiology:
hypermobile joints elsewehre
body types, occupation
surgical fixations )screws, plates)
Pathologies, frozen shoulder

Test:
rib motion/palpation
si joint gapping or squishing
straight leg test

Question 3

Hyperlordosis

Answer 3

a condition in which normal lordosis, or curvature of the lumbar spine, is over exaggerated and sever to the point that there is damage to the spine or is limiting to properly execute a given moment.

Etiology:
can be congenital
obesity, prolonged use of high heels
often worsens at puberty and is not obvious until person is in arly 20
pregentnat women

due to muscle imbalance involves 4 sets of muscles: 2 sets of which are too tight and 2 sets which are too weak.

Postural assessment toyu may see slight ankle plantarflexion, slight knee hyperextension, hip joints are flexed, bilateral anterior pelvic tilt, lumbar lordotic curve is increased. often compensatory kyphosis (forward head posture)

Short and tight muscles:
erector spinae
iliospaos
rectus femoris
tfl
adductors

weak and lenghtend:
glute max
hamstrings
abdominals

Question 4

intervertebral disc conditions/ degenerative disc disease.

Answer 4

a tear in the outer fibrous ring of a dice which allows the softer portion in the centre to bulge out past the damaged ring.

Symptoms:
little to severe pain
radiating pain into the regions served by affected nerve roots
client may complain of undefined pain in the thighs, knees or feet if has not been diagnosed
may include sensory changes such as numbness or tingling muscular weakness paralysis
pain is usually continuous or continuous in a certain position

Cause:
wear and tear
trauma, strains, or lifting injuries to the spine
tears are almost always posterolateral in nature
sedentary lifestyle

Treatment:
pre heating areas of focus
gentle long axis tractions

Dermatomes and myotomes
straight leg test and well leg test

Question 5

Lumbar facet syndrome

Answer 5

low back pain that originates from articular dysfunction of the facet joints

Characteristics:
can result from and acute injury, butt more common as a chronic condition
biomechanical stress in the posterior vertebral structures
anterior pelvic tilt and exaggerated lumbar lordosis
sacroiliac joi nt dysfunction can appear
pain can reffer to low thigh, buttock, groin, posterior thigh, and foot.

History:
deep, aching pain close to the spine or reffered distally.
pain aggravated by further joint compression
ask about frequency and onset of pain
acute: immediate onset of pain at time of injury
longg periods of immobility can aggrivate symptoms
morning pain is common
sleeping prone or sitting for long periods of time cna aggrivate it

No special texts: slump test would probably do it