conditioning and cognition Flashcards
the outcome density effect
participants’ causal judgements of the action tend to be higher when the non-contingent outcome is more likely to occur
does the R-W model anticipate backward blocking
no it says you only learn about stimuli that are present
what does backward blocking suggest
you learn/ reason about absent cues
what is learned predictiveness
Things that were predictive in the past are learnt about faster currently
what would an encapsulated modular view of the brain tell us
there is a section of the brain that handles conditioning and it is independent of other systems
2 approaches to showing independence of cognition and conditioning?
- evidence that conditioning occurs in the absence of cognition
- circumstances in which conditioning and cognition predict you will do two different things
how can cognition and conditioning predict you will do two different things
there’s a dissociation between explicit expectations and conditioned anticipatory behaviour
how does conditioning without awareness differ for delay and trace conditioning
trace -> no conditioning without awareness
delay -> conditioning without awareness
can you get conditioning without awareness
Still no convincing laboratory evidence that conditioning occurs in the absence of contingency evidence
how can process dissociation further explain conditioning without awareness
maybe its not awareness that’s important but control - i still wont drink that spirit again even though i know it was the oysters that made me sick
what does process dissociation tell us
it might be that all forms of learning involve a little bit of top down cognitive control and some automaticity on later behaviour
whats the advantage of studying how conditioning and cognition predict different responses (2) over studying conditioning without awareness (1)
there’s no requirement to prove the absence of something as there is in 1
does awareness matter when studying how cognition and conditioning predict different things (2)
no - people can be aware it is just that their thoughts and reasoning predicts a different behaviour to their conditioning
what does it mean if we see immediate responsiveness to an instruction that a colour will signal a shock
it suggests top down expectations are important for this type of conditioning
what does the Perruchet effect tell us
conditioned responses are not always based on your conscious expectations
what happens in a 50% PRF test when S- is presented four trials in a row
the participant will have a strong expectation of S+ occurring because it is due
BUT conditioned response decreases
how does the perruchet effect manifest in a RT task
tone and visual cue paired together on 4 trials
you are faster to respond to the visual cue appearing even though you said you didn’t think it would happen
do Mitchell De Houwer and Lovibond support conditioning without awareness
no - it is all top down according to them
what do Mitchell de Houwer and Lovibond say about Perruchet effect
that it is the strongest evidence for dissociation between CR and conscious expectation of the US
if people are aware that conditioning has occurred can they always be under conscious control of the consequences of their conditioning
no due to the dissociation at the behavioural level
does perruchet effect demonstrate that learning requires independent systems?
no just independent outputs at the behavioural level
does the perruchet effect demonstrate whether conditioning is produced completely by a modular system
no
what does the perruchet effect tell us about awareness
nothing - not needed doesnt matter
who came up with the taxonomy of memory systems
Squire et al - they based it on the fact that you can get conditioning w/o awareness for delay conditioning
