Conditioning Flashcards
Define the difference between clasical and operant conditioning.
Clasical conditioning pioneered by Pavlov and was primarily concerned with responses to stimuli
Operant conditioning was pioneered by Skinner and was primarily concerned with responses to behaviour
Define higher order conditioniing
When an unconditioned stimulus becomes a conditioned stimullus via association with an established conditioned stimulus
What are the two types of forward conditioning, explain them.
Delay conditioning: A conditioned stimulus is present prior to the unconditoned stimulus. The condition stimulus remains present following the appearance of the unconditioned stimulus
Trace conditioning: The conditioned stimulus is presented prior to the unconditioned stimulus however the conditioned stimulus is terminated prior to the appearance of the unconditioned stimulus.
Simultaneous conditioning
The conditioned and unconditioned stimulus are presented at the same time
Backward conditioning
The conditioned stimulus is presented after the unconditioned stimulus
Temporal conditioning
The unconditioned stimulus is presented at regular intervals of time
Aversive conditioning
An unpleasant stimulus is paired with an undesired behavior
Counter conditioning
Teaching a desired response to a stimulus which currently has an undesirable response
What is a fixed interval scedule of reinforcement
Rewards are presented after a fixed amount of time
Variable interval reinforment
Rewards are presented after a variable amount of time
Fixed ratio reinforcement
Rewards are presented after a fixed number of instances of desired behaviour
What are shaping and changing
In shaping rewards are given incrementally when approaching complex behaviours
In chaining complex behaviours are broken down into manageable sections
Escape conditoning
conditioning whereby the desired response allows the subject to avoid an unpleasant stimulus
Habituation
The phenomenon whereby the response to a stimulus diminishes over time
Covert sensitisation
A technique where someone mentally associates an unwanted behaviour with a negative mental image
