Condition Of Ireland And Anglo-Irish Relations 1851-1886

Question 1

When was the Great famine

Answer 1

1845-48

Question 2

What did the great famine cause

Answer 2

Resentment against British rule
Demands for reform
Home Rule as the famine had been worsened by issues around the Corn Laws

Question 3

Who owned the majority of the land in Ireland

Answer 3

Anglo-Irish landlords who were rarely in the country

Question 4

Number of evictions of families in 1851

Answer 4

13,000

Question 5

What did Gladstone announce when he won the 1868 election

Answer 5

‘My mission is to pacify Ireland’

Question 6

How did the Disestablishment of the church of Ireland pacify Ireland

Answer 6

1869
Designed to solve the issue of religion as it stopped catholics paying a 10% tithe to Anglican Church which they did not attend
It was extremely popular amongst Irish catholics

Question 7

What percentage of Ireland was catholic

Answer 7

90%

Question 8

Fenians

Answer 8

A militant nationalist group who wanted to end the union with Britain in 1867
Used violent tactics in the Manchester uprising in 1867

Question 9

What were the 3 Fs

Answer 9

Fixed tenure
Fair rents
Free sale

Question 10

First Irish land act 1870

Answer 10

Passed by Gladstone
Tenants were able to buy land off their landowners
Evicted tenants to be paid compensation

Question 11

How was the 1870 Land Act a failure

Answer 11

Tenants could not afford to buy land as they did not have one third of the purchase price
Landlords had no reason to sell the land
Eviction clauses were largely ineffective
Rent control was not effectively imposed

Question 12

When were poor harvests in Ireland

Answer 12

1877 and 1879

Question 13

How did Irish agriculture suffer

Answer 13

Imported US grain was far cheaper than home produced grain

Question 14

How many people lost their homes in the late 1870s

Answer 14

6000

Question 15

Irish National Land League

Answer 15

Formed in 1879
Parnell was leader
It provided help for evicted tenants by carrying out violent campaigns against landlords

Question 16

Home rule league

Answer 16

An Irish party headed up by Parnell who campaigned for home rule

Question 17

How many seats did the home rule league win in the 1880 general election

Answer 17

61

Question 18

Why did the Home Rule League have more success in the 1880s

Answer 18

Gladstone was the Prime minister and he was more supportive of Home Rule

Question 19

1880 Coercion Act

Answer 19

1881
Passed by Gladstone
Gave authorities greater power of arrest in Ireland which resulted in the arrest of Davitt and 36 IPPs were expelled from parliament

Question 20

Second Irish Land Act

Answer 20

1881
Passed by Gladstone to appease the Home Rule movement
Legal status of the 3 Fs
Creation of land courts to ensure fair rents which resulted in a 20% reduction in rent over the next few years

Question 21

What did Parnell do in response to the Second Irish Land Act 1881

Answer 21

Refused to cooperate with the land courts which resulted in him being imprisoned in Kilmainham Jail
This improved his popularity

Question 22

Kilmainham Treaty

Answer 22

1882
Gladstone offers amendments to the Second Irish Land Act
Relaxation of the Coercion Act
This resulted in Parnell cooperating with the land courts

Question 23

Phoenix Park murders

Answer 23

May 1882

Assassination of Lord Cavendish and Burke by the militant group, the invincibles

Question 24

What did the Phoenix Park murders lead to

Answer 24

Tougher measures such as the Preventions of Crimes Act 1882

It also allowed Parnell to distance himself from militant approaches and setup the Irish National League

Question 25

Irish National League

Answer 25

Set up by Parnell which was solely committed to Home Rule

Question 26

Where did the INL have support

Answer 26

The Catholic Church

Labourers and tenant farmers could vote due to the 1884 Representation of the People Act

Question 27

What did the 1884 Representation of the People Act increase the Irish electorate to

Answer 27

224,000 to 738,000

Question 28

Why was Parnell’s INL important in the lead up to the 1885 election

Answer 28

Both the Liberals and conservatives knew that the INL could hold the balance of power in the commons

Question 29

Result of the 1885 general election for the INL

Answer 29

Liberals in government

Gained 86 seats which meant they held the balance of power

Question 30

Irish Universities Bill 1873

Answer 30

Attempted to set up a Catholic University in Ireland and was defeated by 3 votes

Question 31

Who opposed Home Rule

Answer 31

North East Ulster

Whigs in the liberals

Question 32

Spilts over Galdstone’s home rule bill

Answer 32

The whigs in the Liberals moved to conservatives in 1886 and won them the election

Question 33

Result of 1885 general election

Answer 33

Liberals won with 335 seats

Question 34

Result of 1886 election

Answer 34

Conservatives won 394 seats with the Whigs moving sides

Question 35

What was Parnell labelled as

Answer 35

The unofficial king of Ireland

Question 36

Irish parliamentary party seats in 1880

Answer 36

61

Question 37

What gave Parnell an advantage

Answer 37

He was Protestant

‘Advantage of Birth’ as Gladstone put it

Question 38

What was ‘the pledge’

Answer 38

An agreement introduced to the Irish National League for all MPs to vote together

Question 39

How did Parnell reorganise the party

Answer 39

Reconstituted the Land League as the Irish National League in 1882

Question 40

How did converting to the Irish National League in 1882 help the cause of Home Rule

Answer 40

Parnell moved towards more political, constitutional methods

Question 41

What paper did the Fenians educate their followers through

Answer 41

‘The Irish People’

Question 42

Who was Isaac Butt

Answer 42

He formed the Amnesty Association in 1868 and Home Government Association 1870

Question 43

Michael Davitt

Answer 43

Formed the Irish National Land League in 1879