Condition- Haemolytic Anaemia Flashcards
1
Q
List some hereditary causes of haemolytic anaemia
A
- Membrane defects
- Hereditary spherocytosis
- Hereditary eliptocytosis
- Abnormal Hb
- Sickle cell disease
- Thalassaemia
- Metabolic Defects
- G6PD deficiency=> protects against oxidant damage
- Pyrivate kinase deficiency => decreased ATP in RBCs
2
Q
List some acquired immune cause of acquired haemolytic anaemia
A
- Immune mediated:
- Autoimmune: AIHA- antibodies attach to RBCs
- Alloimmune: transfusion reaction, haemolytic disease of the newborn
- Drugs: penciliin, quinine
3
Q
List some acquired non-immune cause of acquired haemolytic anaemia
A
Non-immune mediated:
- Trauma:
- Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MAHA)= HUS, DIC, TTP
- Malignant hypertension
- Prosthetic valve
- Drugs: Dapsone
- Infection: Malaria, sepsis
4
Q
List some of the signs and symtpoms of haemolytic anaemia
A
- Symtpoms of anaemia
- Jaundice
- Haematuria/ Dark urine
- Splenomegaly if extravascular haemolysis
5
Q
List 3 tests you would do first to confirm the presence of haemolysis
A
- Blood test: FBC
- Bloods Film
- Urinalysis
6
Q
What might you see on a Blood test of someone with haemolytic anaemia?
A
- Low Hb
- High MCV- reticulocytosis + may have spherocytosis
- High reticulocytes
- High unconjugated bilirubin = pre-hepatic jaundice
- High LDH- released from RBC breakdown
- Low haptoglobin- all bound do free Hb
7
Q
What might you see in the blood film of someone with G6PD?
A
Heinz Body
8
Q
List some causes of spherocytosis on a blood film of someone with haemolytic anaemia
A
- AIHA
- Hereditary spherocytosis
9
Q
What might you see in the urine of someone with haemolytic anaemia?
A
- High urobilinogen
- Haemoglobinuria
- Haemosiderinuria
10
Q
How would you diagnose an immune cause of haemolytic anaemia?
A
Direct Coombs’ Test
- Detects IgG or complement bound to the red cell surface = immune origin
