Condition Aetiology + Pathophysiology

Question 1

Chronic Renal Failure

Answer 1

• increased renal blood flow
• potassium and phosphorous imbalance
• can’t maintain fluid balance, electrolytes or concentrate urine leading to build up of toxins in body

Question 2

Acute Renal Failure

Answer 2

• decreased renal function affects kidneys ability to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
• ability to concentrate urine is affected
• glomerular filtration rate falls to 50% after 75% loss of renal tissue

Question 3

Regenerative Anaemia

Answer 3

• increased loss of RBC (red blood cells are being regenerated)
• full response take 3-5 days
• reticulocytes and nucleated RBC (Howell Jolly Bodies) seen on blood smear

Question 4

Non- Regenerative Anaemia

Answer 4

Bone marrow fails to replace RBC that have been lost or removed from circulation at the end of the life span

Question 5

IMHA

Answer 5

Primary - immune system produces antobodies that attack RBC

Secondary - RBC being produced are modified

Question 6

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 6

• B-cells destroyed or damaged by pancreatitis or immune mediated
• reduced ability to produce insulin
• Hyperglycaemia
• Glucose stays in blood stream and doesn’t go to tissies
• Body breaks down fat and protein = weight loss/cachexia

Question 7

Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 7

• lack of ADH produced (central)
• kidneys don’t respond to ADH

Inability to concentrate urine

Question 8

Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushings)

Answer 8

Increased blood cortisol levels

Question 9

Hypoadrenocorticisn (Addison’s)

Answer 9

• abnormal aldosterone production

- imbalance of sodium and potassium

Question 10

Liver Disease

Answer 10

Accumulation of bilirubin in tissues (JAUNDICE)