CONDENSATION POLYMERS

Question 1

Condensation polymers

Answer 1

compised of 3 main types : polypeptides, polyamides and polyesters.

Question 2

condensation polymerisation

Answer 2

2 different monomers with atleast 2 functional groups are joined together. where they react a link is made and water is eliminated, hence condensation polymerisation.

Question 3

types of polymers

Answer 3

1. polypeptides - found in proteins
2. polyamides - formed by reacting diamines and dicarboxylic acids
3. poly esters - formed by reacting diol and dicarboxylic acid together.

Question 4

poly amides

Answer 4

• dicarboxylic acids reacting with di amines.
• using dicarbolic acids and diamines as tthey have functional group on either side allowing for chains to be formed.

Question 5

kevlar

Answer 5

kevlar is a polyamide used in bullet proof vests, car tyres and sport equipments as it is light weight but strong

Question 6

what is kevlar made of

Answer 6

benzene 1 - 4 dicarboxylic acid and 1,4 - diamino benzene.

Question 7

nylon

Answer 7

nylon 6,6 isa polyamide used in ropes, carpets , clothing and parachute fabric.

Question 8

what is nylon 6,6 made of

Answer 8

hexane dioic acid and 1,6 - diamino hexane

Question 9

polyesters

Answer 9

formed by reacting dicarboxylic acids and diols together.

Question 10

what is formed when dicarboxylic acids react with diols

Answer 10

ester links

Question 11

terylene

Answer 11

terylene is a poly ester used in plastic drink bottle, sheeting and clothes. has the acronym PET

Question 12

what is terylene made of

Answer 12

benzene - 1,4 dicarboxylic acid and ethane - 1,2 diol.

Question 13

hydrolysis

Answer 13

condensation polymers can be hydrolysed to produce original monomers. reverse of polymerisation.

Question 14

polarity in condensation polymers

Answer 14

condensation polymers have polar bonds caused by C - O and C-N bonds in polymers.
hydrogen bonds exist between polymer chains, as well as dipole dipole and vanderwaals forces which makes the condensation polymers more strong than additonal polymers.

Question 15

condensation polymer polarity

Answer 15

• ## usually more rigid and stronger than addition polymer counter parts.

Question 16

why are condensation polymers stronger than addition polymers?

Answer 16

hydrogen bonds exist beyween polymer chains as well as dipole dipole and vander waals force making condensation polymers stronger than addition polymers.

Question 17

uses of polymers

Answer 17

1. synthetic polymers made from monomer units used to make a range of items like plastic bottles, digital technology to non stick coating on pans.
2. condensation polymers like polyamides and poly esters are polar and are suspectible to attack from nucleophiles, hence they are bio degradable and broken by hydrolysis.
3. poly alkenes such a spoly ethene are saturated molecule, non polar and good for foods because they dont react with food.

Question 18

why are polyesters and poly amides broken down

Answer 18

1. because they are polar
2. suspectible to be attacked by nucleophiles.
3. hence they are bio degredabale and hydrolysed.

Question 19

why are polyalkenes not degradable

Answer 19

1. example of addition polymer
2. saturated molecules, usually non polar and hence unreactive.
3. good when used in foods as they dont react but bad for landfill as they dont degrade.

Question 20

disposal of plastics

Answer 20

most polymers are non biodegradable so proper disposal is very necesary.

Question 21

what kind of plastics are disposed in landfill?

Answer 21

• plastics that are too difficult to recycle
• plastics that are difficult to separate from other materials
• not enough plastic to extract to make it economically viable.

Question 22

what gas is produced when plastics decomposes in landfill

Answer 22

• methane which is a greenhouse gas
• there is also an increased risk of water contamination from waste leaching.

Question 23

incineration

Answer 23

burning waste plastics which cannot be recycled .
- energy from burning can be used to generate electricity.

Question 24

what does burning plastics releases

Answer 24

toxic fumes
- specially chlorine based plastics like pvc produces harmful hcl when burned.
- flue gas scrubbers are used to neutralise acidic gases like hcl.