Concussion Management

Question 1

Describe second impact syndrome

Answer 1

A blow following an initial conscussion before the brain has had a chance to fully heal. causes cerebral swelling, brain can herniate off of brain stem. cascade of events lasts 2-5 minutes and include: rapidly changing pupils, loss of eye movement, coma, and respiratory failure.

Question 2

Describe post-concussion syndrome

Answer 2

A persistence of symptoms following a concussion that can last weeks or months. Characterized by low energy, sleep disturbance, headaches, vertigo, dizziness

Question 3

Describe the RTS Protocol for concussions

Answer 3

1. active recovery (physical and cognitive rest, biking in dark room, read children’s book. goal is recovery)
2. light aerobic exercise (walking, swimming, biking remaining at <70% max HR. goal is to increase HR)
3. sport-specific (drills, no impact. goal is to add sport-specific movement)
4. non-contact practice (more complex training drills). goal is to increase coordination and cognitive load)
5. full-contact practice (once medical clearance has been given, participate in practices. goal is to increase confidence and for coaches to assess functional skills)
6. full return to play