concussion Flashcards
defination of concussion
traumatically induced transient disturbance of brain function Hence its correct title of m(minor)TBI(Traumatic Brain Injury)
caused both by a direct blow to the head and also by an abrupt whiplash type motion of the head and neck without direct head contact.
mortality of concussion
most recover spontaneously
10% serious
pathophysiology
Some cells are pulled apart, leaking their contents into the brain and die , but most will not be fully disrupted.
The surviving but injured cells show immediate, indiscriminate release of neurotransmitters and ions
The binding of neurotransmitters causes depolarisation, k leaving, Ca in.
- overdrive and lots of ATP and glucose metabolism
not enough blood/energy for this
signs and symptoms
loss of consciousness
amnesia
headache, dizzy
blurry/double vision
ringing/balance
glass eye
light/noise sensitivity
neck pain
nausea vomitiing
emotional/personality change
concentration
speech
drowsy
sleep
frontal lobe functions
problem solving
judgement
inhibition
personality
emotional traits
language production
motor planning
temporal lobe functions
understanding language
organisation and sequencing
information retrieval
musical awareness
memory
hearing
learning
feelings
parietal lobe functions
sensations
spatial awareness
visual perception
academic skills- reading, writing, maths
occipital lobe functions
visual perception
reading
cerebellum functions
coordination
balance
brain stem functions
balance
reflexes
breathing
digestion
swallow
consciousness
temp
alert
Second Impact Syndrome (SIS)
second brain injury occurs before complete brain healing from a previous insult.
swelling of brain
treatment
rest 24-48h
gentle exercise
return to sport 21 days
seek medical advice if no improvement of symptoms after 14 days
women take longer to recover- hormones
Post Concussion Syndrome/persistant concussion symptoms
over 4 weeks
recovery weeks- 6 months
rest
