Conceptual Foundations Of Work

Question 1

Factors that lead to Division of Labor

Answer 1

1. Complexity in Production
2. Increased Product Demand
3. Specialization

Question 2

4 Types of Alienation

Answer 2

1. From product
2. From act of production
3. From his Gattungswessen (Species Essence)
4. From other workers

Question 3

4 Ideal Types for Action

Answer 3

1. Emotional
2. Traditional
3. Value-Rational (weighing options to best achieve a moral value: honor, respect, patriotism)
4. Instrumental-Rational (Weber didn’t think it bad in itself, but thought it bad if it completely overtook the other 3)

Question 4

Iron Cage of Rationality

Answer 4

1. Weber
2. The individual will be stifled or imprisoned for the sake of acting rationally.
3. Metaphor for how society can be so focused on rationality that it stifled freedom and creativity.

Question 5

Anomie

Answer 5

1. Durkheim
2. Feelings of alienation, isolation, loss of values and connections to others around you in society as a whole
3. Formed from the organic solidarity (loss of mechanical solidarity) due to the Division of Labor

Question 6

Scientific school of Management

Answer 6

1. Henry Ford
2. Frederick Taylor
3. Henry Gantt
4. Frank and Lilian Gilbreth

Question 7

Trotskyism

Answer 7

An offshoot of Marxism that had a global view of socialist economics.

(Marxism in the form of Stalinism focused on national socialism)

Question 8

Braverman

Answer 8

1. Socialist (Marxist, Trostkyist) who brought sociology back to the workplace in the public mind.
2. Human nature should be considered in the labor process and workers should be given more autonomy in their own labor.

Question 9

Deep Acting

Answer 9

1. Changing how we privately feel in the act of emotional labor.
2. Arlie Hochschild

Question 10

Surface Acting

Answer 10

1. Changing our public display of emotion in the act of emotional labor.
2. Arlie Hochschild

Question 11

George Ritzer

Answer 11

1. Wrote book on McDonaldization of society.
2. Book expanded on Weber’s Rationalization of Society.

Question 12

McDonaldization

Answer 12

(Ritzer)The principals used by fast food chains to succeed are applied to the world at large.
1. Efficiency
2. Control
3. Calculability
4. Predictability

Question 13

Drivers of McDonaldization

Answer 13

1. Growing population
2. An ever-increasing pace of life
3. Advanced technological changes

Question 14

Making out Theory

Answer 14

(Michael Buraway) Theory made to explain why there hasn’t been any worker uprisings from 1970’s onward.
3 ways company generate consent from and Lee workers subdued:
1. Allow collective bargaining (but with only small wins)
2. Internal Labor Market (change employee’s work areas to break up monotony and troublesome groups)
3. Piece-rate pay system

Critique is that it’s hard to apply his theory outside or piece-rate factories.

Question 15

How would Durkheim describe modern societies?

Answer 15

As more restitutive than punative, as they try to return to a sense of normalcy rather than dole out punishments.