Concepts Of Nursing Flashcards
- an art and science
- has a specific body of knowledge; however, it is essential that you socialize within the profession and practice to fully understand and apply this knowledge and develop professional expertise.
Nursing
- Patient-centered care
- Professionalism
- Health care advocacy groups
Nursing as a Profession
- Administer quality care
- Be responsible and accountable
Professionalism
Health care advocacy groups
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action
Institute of Medicine (IOM) publication on The Future of Nursing
- nursing requires
- Benner’s stages of nursing proficiency:
Science and Art of Nursing Practice
Current knowledge and practice standards
Insightful and compassionate approach
Critical thinking
Nursing requires:
Benner’s stages of nursing proficiency:
Novice
Advanced beginner
Competent
Proficient
Expert
- Nursing definitions by American Nurses Association (ANA) and The International Council of Nurses
- Nursing:
о 1960: Documentation began
ㅇ Standards of Practice
о Standards of Professional Performance - Goal: to improve the health and well-being of all individuals, communities, and populations through the significant and visible contributions of registered nursing using standards-based practice
Scope and Standards of Practice
Standards of Practice
Assessment
Diagnosis
Outcomes Identification
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
collects client health data
Assessment
analyzes assessment data
Diagnosis
identifies expected outcomes of client for nursing diagnoses
Outcomes Identification
develops plan of care and prescribes interventions to attain expected outcomes
Planning
implements the interventions (action types) in the plan of care
Implementation
evaluates client’s attainment of outcomes
Evaluation
the foundation of clinical decision making and includes all significant actions taken by nurses in providing care to patients
The nursing process
- The philosophical ideals of right and wrong that define principles used to provide care.
- It is important for you to incorporate your own values and ethics into your practice.
- It will be important to incorporate the ANA code of ethics, as well as your personal values and ethics, into your nursing practice
- The ANA has a number of publications that address ethics and human rights in nursing.
Code of Ethics
- an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independent nursing interventions without medical orders.
Autonomy
_______ means that you are responsible professionally and legally for the type and quality of nursing care provided.
Accountability
- you help patients maintain and regain health and find their maximum level of independent function through the healing process.
- A patient’s health care needs include the patient’s emotional, spiritual, and social well-being.
caregiver
you protect your patient’s human and legal rights and help patients assert those rights when needed
patient advocate
- your teaching can be formal or informal.
- Always use teaching methods that match your patient’s capabilities and needs, and incorporate other resources, such as the family, in teaching plans.
educator
- allows you to know your patients, including their strengths, weaknesses, and needs.
- You will routinely communicate with patients and families, other nurses and health care professionals, resource people, and the community.
communicator
you will establish an environment for collaborative patient-centered care to provide safe, quality care with positive patient outcomes.
manager
Nursing provides an opportunity for you to commit to lifelong learning and career development.
Career Development
An APRN who is an expert clinician in a specialized area of practice, such as a population (e.g.. geriatrics), a setting (e.g., critical care), a disease specialty (e.g., diabetes), a type of care (e.g., rehabilitation), or a type of problem (e.g., pain).
Clinical Nurse Specialist
- An APRN who provides health care to a group of patients, usually in an outpatient, ambulatory care, or community-based setting. - provide care for patients with complex problems and a more holistic approach than physicians.
Certified Nurse Practitioner
- An APRN who is also educated in midwifery and is certified by the American College of __________.
- involves providing independent care for women during normal pregnancy, labor, and delivery and care for the newborn
Certified Nurse Midwife
- An APRN with advanced education from a nurse anesthesia-accredited program
- provide surgical anesthesia under the guidance and supervision of an anesthesiologist who is a physician with advanced knowledge of surgical anesthesia.
Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist
Works primarily in schools of nursing, staff development departments of health care agencies, and patient education departments
Nurse educator
Manages patient care and the delivery of specific nursing services within a health care agency.
Nurse administrator
- Investigates problems to improve nursing care and further define and expand the scope of nursing practice
- The nurse research often works in an academic setting, hospital, or independent professional or community service agency.
Nurse researcher
- First practicing epidemiologist
- Organized first school of nursing
- Improved sanitation in battlefield hospitals
- Practices remain a basic part of nursing today
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE
Nurses during the Civil War to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century
Clara Barton
Mother Bickerdyke
Harriet Tubman
Mary Mahoney
Lilian Wald
Mary Brewster
founder of the American Red Cross, tended soldiers on the battlefields.
Clara Barton
organized ambulance services and walked abandoned battlefields at night, looking for wounded soldiers.
Mother Bickerdyke
a prominent fernale in the Underground Railroad movement to free slaves
Harriet Tubman
- the first professionally trained African-American nurse
- She was concerned with the relationship between cultures and races; and as a noted nursing leader she brought forth an awareness of cultural diversitv and respect for the individual, regardless of background, race, color, or religion.
Mary Mahoney
opened the Henry Street Settlement, which focused on the health needs of poor people who lived in tenements in New York City.
Lilian Wald & Mary Brewster
- Movement toward scientific, research-based practice and defined body of knowledge
- Nurses assumed expanded and advanced practice roles
- 1906: Mary Adelaide Nutting, first nursing professor at Columbia Teachers College
- Army and Navy Nurse Corps established
- 1920s: Nursing specialization began
The Twentieth Century
- Changes in curriculum
- Advances in technology and informatics
- New programs address current health concerns
- Leadership role in developing standards and policies
The 21s Century
Your practice needs to be based on current evidence, not just according to your education and experiences and the policies and procedures of health care facilities.
Evidence-Based Practice
addresses the challenge to prepare nurses with the competencies needed to continuously improve the quality of care in their work environments.
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
- Many emerging technologies have the potential to rapidly change nursing practice.
- Some of these help nurses use noninvasive, more accurate assessment tool- implement evidence-based practices
- collect and trend patient outcome data
- and use clinical decision support systems.
Impact of Emerging Technologies
A newer term that describes the study of all the genes in a person and interactions of these genes with one another and with that person’s environment.
Genomics
- As frontline health care providers, nurses practice in all health care settings and constitute the largest number of healthcare professionals
- When you care for patients, recognize how your approach to care influences public
opinion - Always act in a competent professional manner.
Public Perception of Nursing
Nurses are becoming more politically sophisticated and, as a result, are able to increase the influence nursing has on health care policy and practice.
Impact of Nursing on Politics & Health Policy
- Registered nurse education
- 2-year associate’s degree
- 4-year baccalaureate degree
PROFESSIONAL REGISTERED NURSE EDUCATION
- Master’s degree, advanced practice RN
- Doctoral degrees
Graduate education
- Involves formal, organized educational programs offered by universities, hospitals, state nurses’ associations, professional nursing organizations, and educational and health care institutions.
Continuing and in-service education
