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Physics 221 > Concepts of Motion > Flashcards

Concepts of Motion Flashcards

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1
Q

What is motion?

A

When an object changes its position.

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2
Q

What are the four basic types of motion?

A

Linear, circular, projectile and rotational

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3
Q

What is the trajectory of an object?

A

The path along which the object moves.

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4
Q

What is a motion diagram?

A

A photo or diagram that shows an object’s position at several equally spaced time intervals. (Time not given usually)

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5
Q

What does a motion diagram of an object at rest look like?

A

There appears to only be one image.

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6
Q

What does a motion diagram of an object moving at a constant speed look like?

A

There are equal spaces or distance between each image.

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7
Q

What does a motion diagram of an object that is speeding up look like?

A

The space between images appears to increase.

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8
Q

What does a motion diagram of an object that is slowing down look like?

A

The space between images appears to be decreasing.

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9
Q

What is a particle?

A

A single point in space that has no size, shape, top, bottom, front or back.

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10
Q

When does the particle model not apply?

A

For rotating or spinning objects.

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11
Q

Can time be negative?

A

Yes, as t = 0 is just a reference to the coordinate system.

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12
Q

What are scalar quantities?

A

A quantity that can be described by a single number or magnitude.

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13
Q

What are vector quantities?

A

A quantity that requires both magnitude and direction.

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14
Q

What is a position vector?

A

A vector that extends from the origin to the position of the object. (r)

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15
Q

Is the origin fixed or can it be moved?

A

No, the origin can be placed anywhere that is helpful.

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16
Q

What is displacement?

A

The change in position of an object. Displacement = Final position - Initial position

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17
Q

What is the displacement vector?

A

The vector that extends from the first point to the second point.

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18
Q

Is position dependent on the coordinate system?

A

Yes.

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19
Q

Is displacement dependent on the coordinate system?

A

No, it will always stay the same.

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20
Q

How do you add vectors?

A

You add the tip of one vector to the tail of the other vector in order to obtain the resultant vector.

21
Q

How do you subtract vectors?

A

You add the negative vector (of the one being subtracted) to the tip of the first vector in order to find the resultant vector.

22
Q

Can change in time be negative?

A

No, time always proceeds forward.

23
Q

Is change in time dependent on the coordiate system?

A

No, the net change in time will always remain the same.

24
Q

Can displacement be negative?

A

Yes, it is possible to have a net movement in the negative direction.

25
Q

What is distance?

A

The total path length that is travelled by the object. (Scalar)

26
Q

What is average speed?

A

Total Distance / Time Interval

27
Q

What is average velocity?

A

The rate at which an object changes its position. Displacement / Time interval

28
Q

Does instantaneous speed equal the magnitude of instantaneous velocity?

A

Yes, when you take the limit as t > 0, instantaneous speed and instantaneous velocity’s magnitude are equal.

29
Q

What does a negative position indicate?

A

That the object is to the left or below the origin.

30
Q

What does a positive position indicate?

A

That the object is found to the right or above the origin.

31
Q

What does a negative velocity indicate?

A

That the object is travelling to the left or down.

32
Q

What does a positive velocity indicate?

A

That the object is travelling to the right or up.

33
Q

What is acceleration?

A

The change in an object’s velocity.

Change in Velocity / Time Interval

34
Q

What does a negative acceleration indicate?

A

That the object’s is increasing its velocity to the left or down. NOT THAT THE OBJECT IS SLOWING DOWN.

35
Q

What does a positive acceleration indicate?

A

That the object’s velocity is increasing to the right or up. NOT THAT THE OBJECT IS SPEEDING UP.

36
Q

What does it mean to have 0 acceleration?

A

The object is moving at a constant speed. (Which can be 0 also)

37
Q

What is the acceleration vector?

A

The vector that is the difference between two velocity vectors. (Change in velocity)

38
Q

What is required in a complete motion diagram?

A

The position of the particles, the velocity vectors and the acceleration vectors.

39
Q

If the velocity and acceleration vectors point in the same direction, what is the motion of the object?

A

It is speeding up.

40
Q

If the velocity and the acceleration vectors point in opposite directions, what is the motion of the object?

A

It is slowing down.

41
Q

What is required in a pictorial representation of the problem?

A
  1. A motion diagram
  2. Established coordinates.
  3. Sketch (optional)
  4. Defined symbols.
  5. Knowns
  6. Unknowns
42
Q

What is the four step method to solve physics problems?

A

Model - Assumptions

Visualize - Pictorial Representation

Solve - Use an equation

Assess - Does this answer make sense?

43
Q

What is the SI unit for time?

A

Seconds

44
Q

What is the SI unit for length?

A

Meters

45
Q

What is the SI unit for mass?

A

Kg

46
Q

What is the SI unit for force?

A

Newtons, N = kg m / s2

47
Q

What is the SI unit for energy?

A

Joules, J = kg m2/ s2

48
Q

How many significant figures does 300 have?

A

1

49
Q

How many significant figures does 300. have?

A

3

Physics 221 (2 decks)

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