Concepts Of Medical Terminology 4

Question 1

Root: my/o

Answer 1

Muscle

Question 2

Root: fasci/o

Answer 2

Fascia

Question 3

Root: ten/o tendin/o

Answer 3

Tendon

Question 4

Root: Ton/o

Answer 4

Tone

Question 5

Root: kinesi/o kine

Answer 5

Movement

Question 6

Types of Muscle Tissue

Answer 6

1. Smooth (Visceral)
2. Cardiac Muscle
3. Skeletal Muscle

Question 7

Smooth (Visceral) Muscle

Answer 7

• makes up walls of hollow organs
• walls of ducts, bronchioles, and blood vessels
• muscle operates involuntarily
• responsible for peristalsis of digestive system

Question 8

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 8

• makes up myocardium of heart
• functions involuntarily: pumping the heart

Question 9

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 9

• Attached to bones of skeleton
• maintains posture
• maintains large proportion of body heat
• voluntary system

Question 10

Muscle Action

Answer 10

1. Muscle works in pairs to produce movement
2. Prime mover contracts: the antagonist must relax
3. Beginning and end of a muscle
4. Muscles composed of individual cells - fibers, held together in bundles by connective tissue
5. Covering muscle is fascia - connective tissue that covers a muscle
6. Tendon attaches muscle to bone

Question 11

Prime Mover

Answer 11

Referring to agonist; Carries out primary Movement

Question 12

Antagonist

Answer 12

Opposing muscle to the agonist (must relax when primer mover contracts)

Question 13

Origin

Answer 13

(The attachment) end of a muscle that is fixed

Question 14

Insertion

Answer 14

The end of a muscle attached to the moving part of a skeleton

Question 15

Fascia

Answer 15

Fibrous sheath of connective tissue that covers muscle

Question 16

Neuromuscular Junction

Answer 16

Point of contact between a branch of a motor neuron and a muscle cell. Also called myoneural junction

Question 17

Tendons

Answer 17

Attach muscle to bone

Question 18

Sprain

Answer 18

A joint injury in which some or all of the fibers of a supportive ligament are ruptured. Pain with a sprain depends on the degree of the injury.
Grade 1 - mild
Grade 2 - moderate
Grade 3 - severe

Ligaments attach from one bone to another bone.
Sprain - ligaments

Question 19

Strains

Answer 19

To injure by overuse or improper use of a muscle or by excessive stretch. Trauma to the muscle and tendon from violent contraction or excessive force.
Strain - muscles

Question 20

Dislocation

Answer 20

Occurs when the ligaments protecting a particular joint are torn under pressure of an outward force. The entire joint can separate so the 2 surfaces no longer meet.

Question 21

Subluxation

Answer 21

Partial or incomplete dislocation of the articular surfaces of a joint.

Question 22

Inflammation: suffix “itis”

Answer 22

Symptoms of inflammation - pain, heat, redness, swelling and loss of function.

Question 23

Arthritis

Answer 23

Inflammation of a joint

Question 24

Bursitis

Answer 24

Inflammation of a bursa, fluid filled sac situated between tissues where friction occurs

Question 25

Tendinitis

Answer 25

Inflammation of a tendon sheath

Question 26

Synovitis

Answer 26

Inflammation of a synovial membrane, the lubricating fluid of a joint

Question 27

Arthrodesis

Answer 27

Surgical fixation of a joint, fusion

Question 28

Arthroplasty

Answer 28

An operative procedure that attempts to re-create a joint as nearly like the original as possible (plasty: to mold). Plastic or metal repair of a joint.

Question 29

Osteotomy

Answer 29

Incision or transection of a bone.

Question 30

Laminectomy

Answer 30

The removal of a small portion of the vertebra (posterior arch/lamina) in order to remove an intervertebral disk.
The procedure is most often performed to relieve the symptoms of a ruptured disk. During the laminectomy the spinal cord is exposed and the portion of the nucleus pulposus that has herniated through the ruptured disk is removed. Sometimes this is followed by fusion of the adjacent vertebrae as a means of stabilizing the part of the spinal column in a fixed position. Bone grafts, usually taken from the iliac crest, are applied to fuse the affected vertebrae permanently, resulting in limitation of movement of this portion of the spine.

Question 31

Meniscectomy

Answer 31

Removal of the meniscus cartilage of the knee.

Question 32

Prosthesis

Answer 32

Artificial substitute for a body part.

Question 33

Ataxia

Answer 33

Lack of muscle coordination.

Question 34

Atrophy

Answer 34

Wasting away; a decrease in the size of a tissue or organ, such as the wasting of muscle from misuse.

Question 35

Avulsion

Answer 35

Forcible tearing away of a part.

Question 36

Kinesthesia

Answer 36

Awareness of a movement; perception of weight direction and degree of movement.

Question 37

Ankylosis

Answer 37

Immobility and consolidation of a joint due to disease, injury or surgical procedure.

Question 38

Crepitation

Answer 38

Dry, crackling sound or sensation

Question 39

Degeneration

Answer 39

Deterioration; change from higher to lower form; tissue to a lower or less functionally active form.

Question 40

Exacerbation

Answer 40

Increase in the severity of a disease or any of its symptoms.

Question 41

Remission

Answer 41

Symptoms of a disease subside or stop.

Question 42

Osteoporosis

Answer 42

Decrease in mass of bone, thinning of bone mass.

Question 43

Systemic

Answer 43

Pertaining to or affecting the body as a whole.