Concepts of Justice and Human Rights in Occupational Science Flashcards
Occupational justice background?
- Concept development began in 90s
- Motivated by vision for ;occupational just world’
- Described as a world that “would be governed in away that enables individuals to flourish by doing what they decide is most meaningful and useful to themselves and to their families, communities, and nations. (Christians & Townsend, 1010, p. 330)
- It seems positive, but who will some of the winners be and who will be losers? Using up resources without thinking about the possibility for future generations to engage in desired occupations.
Key Considerations of Occupational Justice?(accommodations & enablement)
Individuals are different and have different needs, equality doesn’t work -> that is why we have accommodations -> equity built into occupational justice
- Needs expressed though daily occupations
- Humans need and want to engage in a variety of occupations
Humans are social beings
- Occupations embedded within a social context where people are interdependent
- Individual differences require a justice based on enablement
-> Need a response that focus on enablement, a lot of the populations OT’s are working with experience marginalisation, stigma and added barriers
Core Beliefs that charactize occupational justice? (4)
- Humans are occupational beings
- Humans participate in occupations as autonomous agents, people should be able to choice their occupations and not be forced -> Fulfilment by choosing meaningful occupations
- Occupational participation is interdependent and contextual
- Occupational participation is a determinant of the health and quality of life
Principles of occupational justice?
- Empowerment though occupation, sharing power though collaboration -> Collaborative partnership with the client to achieve their goals
- Inclusive classification of occupations, emphasis on productivity, self-care and leisure but there is more such as spirituality or non-sanctioned occupations.
- Enablement of occupational potential, future possibilities of engagement in occupation. How do we enable people to reach their occupational potential? Example, offering support to disabled children
- Diversity, inclusion, and shared advantage in occupational participation
Model of Occupational justice or injustice leading to…
Factors Linked to Occupational Justice
Structural - 2 levels?
- Occupational determinants
- Occupational forms (Occupational instrumentals of programs)
Contextual
- Personal, historical and spatial contexts
Depending on how these different factors combine there will be different outcomes. Such as if one experience privilege or disadvantages.
Model of Occupational justice or injustice leading to…
Structural factors - Underlying occupational determinants (out of your control as an individual citizen)?
And these shape…
- Types of economy
- Regional, national, international policies
- Values underlying policy
- Cultural values
All of these factors shape what kind of instruments and programs that will be available ->
Model of Occupational justice or injustice leading to…
Structural factors - Occupational instrumentals of programs = Occupational forms
Examples…?
- Health and community supports
- Income supports
- Housing
- Education
- Transportation
- Recreional facilit
Model of Occupational justice or injustice leading to…
Contextual factors - Personal, historical and optical contexts?
Your individual facotrs determine?
- Age
- Gender
- Sexual preference
- Income/wealth
- Ability/disability
- Ethnicity
- Religion
- National origin
- Political beliefs
- Homelessness
Your individual factors determine how well you fit the structural factors which in turn effect the occupational outcome
Model of Occupational justice or injustice leading to…
Occupational outcomes -
Occupational rights & injustices?
Occupational rights:
- Right to experience occupation as meaning and enriching
- Right to develop though participation in occupations for health and social inclusion
- Right to exert individual/population autonomy though choice in occupations (not that you have the right to do whatever you want, but not having to be forced to engage in an occupation)
- Right to benefit from fair privileges for diverse participation in occupations
Injustices:
- Occupational imbalance, too much/too little
- Occupational marginalisation, don’t have opportunities to participate in occupations or make choices usually linked to discrimination
- Occupational deprivation
- Occupational alienation
Occupational deprivation?
“A state of prolonged preclusions from engagement in occupations of necessity and/or meaning due to factors which stand outside of the control of the individual.”
- Things you do not have full control over but are still limiting, focus on more structural level than the individual.
- Think about the context where the depreciation is happening
Occupational Deprivation due to Geographic Isolation?
- Largely related to environmental condition, ex. rural in the mountains
- Distance and/or inaccessibility
- Limited social interaction, teens getting bored sometimes finding less productive occupations
- Lack of resources and occupational opportunities, fewer opportunities for different occupations
- Travel to access specialised services
Occupational Deprivation due to Incarceration?
How can this translate to similar situaitons?
- Characterised by the deprivation of liberty
- Limited opportunities for occupation & differentiation of routine, everyday is almost the same
- Can have severe consequences (e.g. psychosis, suicide, rioting)
- See how this can translate into other situations, such as being hospitalised for an extended period of time, or long-term care-facilities
- Covid beyond our control, government regulations, imposed limitations
Extreme Employment Conditions?
Influnces of:
(4)
Unemployment, underemployment, overemployment
Influences of:
- Technologies, platform economy working for Uber you are self-employed so no worker protection if for example have an accident.
- Economies
- Policies
- Demographics..
Contributes to occupational imbalance and a from of occupational deprivation
- In a capitalist society our identity and sense of value is often heavily dependent on work.
- Immigrants needed to work while waiting for documentation, forced to informal employment might be taken advantage of.
- Incentives to make employees maximise their productivity, creates a sense of informal competition. Structures to ‘get the most out of people’.
Refugeeism?
- Forced displacement of refugees
- Physical and social dislocation from familiar environments
- Uncertainty due a number of factors, long-term and from day to day.
- Transitory & temporary living facilities
- Potential differences in language, religions, culture of host societies.
- Refugees do not exist, they are created. No one is born a refugee but become one when forced to flee, no one choices it for themselves.
- Governments are not taking an enough refugees, refugees camps become long-term some wait over 5 years before coming to a third world country.
Participatory Occupational Justice Framework Process, Evidence backed?
Collaborative Enabling Processes
- Raise consciousness of occupational injustice
- Engage Collaboratively with Partners, other resources ex. Urban Native Youth Association.
- Mediate Agreement on a Plan
- Strategise Resource Funding, to run these projects
- Support Implementation and Continuous Evaluation, not just evaluating the outcome and leave but keeping the relationship.
- Inspire Advocacy for Sustainability or Closure. How do we make this sustainable for the community? So the program is just not implemented and left to fall apart
