Concepts[intro booklet] Flashcards
Nature definiton
The view that human behaviour is gentically determined eg the result of heredity and is shaped by natural instincts, We have little to no control fixed pattern of behaviour . Eg womens maternal insticnt for childbearing
what is some evidence to support nature
Animal studys. Humans are animals and scientists have been able to breed animals with particular charicteristics eg agression or timidty
children often have a closer t intelligence level to there biological parents than with adoption
Nurture definiton
The view that human charicteristics and behaviour are learned and are therefore a product of enviroment and culture
evidence for nurture
anthropoligists have descired enourmous variation in human cultures where the members of diffrent cultures are almost genetically identical.
feral childrenisolated from humans
what concluson can be made about the relationship beetween nature and nurture and human behaviour and chsricterisitcs
Human charicteristics are infact a combined product of nature and nurture and it is impossible to sepeerate the two. Nature provided potential however how we develop is due to nurture
socialisation definition
The process where individual learn the culture of there society .
what is primary socialisation [ explain the process]
takes place during infancy where children learn basic language and important values . Groups are small and involve face to face relationships usually between close family eg mother father and siblings. within the group the individual imittes the behaviour of the parent eg table manners. etc [ carried out by the family]
secondary socialisation
carried out by further institutions of society outside of the realm of family. Secodnary sociliastion takes place in larger groups . Involves learning how one organises and conducts themselves in formal context. Memberships to this group include tv, magazines, radio, and advertising . school is an agency of secondary socialisation
informal socialisation and examples
Usually takes place during everyday life and affects us unconsciously and can be distinguished from formal , examples include accent, mannerisms, clapping as a reward and sarcasm
formal socilastion and examples
aquisitipn of specific formal skills such as reading and writing, in primary socialisation certain formal values will be tought but informal factors will be picked up via copying etc.
how does socialastion establish a stable society
it ensures a value consensus is established proventing undesired actions from people eg humans killing humans
resociasation defintion
when people are removed from there everyday situations and encounter new social enviroments . approaching new norms and values in an enviroment .
explain gender socialisation
socially constructed cultural differences beetween two sexes . these ways of behaving are heavily influenced by society in schools and other social institutions . Manipulation occurs as boys and girls are expected to adopt different behaviours. Canalisation occurs whwre boys and girls are directed towards different toys dependant on gender
what is culture
the established way of life in a particular sociiety it refers to all aspects of human behaviour thatr are leant and shared throught it. for example our beliefs and values are no the same as victorian england due to a differnet culture. british culutrue includes fish and chips pop culture and music and other social norms.
what are norms
a norm is a socially accepted pattern of behaviour eg behaviour regarded as normal norms help to provide order inside of society and ensures its smooth function. inforced by positive and negative sanctions that reward compliance and punish those who deviate , eg postivie showing kindness, negative puttin somone in prison in response for murder
what is a belief
what we believe to be true about the world overall in our culture, vary beetween society for example does god exist , is there an afterlife
what is a value
these are what are considered to be right or wrong in a society appropriate forms of action and behaviour eg consent and killing someone
explain the different types of culture briefly
High culture; seen to have artistic an or intiellectual value. referes to things with lasting value aimed at upper class people
Low culture: refers to cultural products and pursuits charicterised by there production cor consumption by the masses associated with poor
mass culture: seen as mass produced and or inauthentic
glov
bal culture : spread throught the world and in multiple different cultures eg macdonalds and other global brands
what is a subculture and give woodabe exaample
social groups that differ from dominant culture in terms of languages dress music and social norms. often inside of other lsrgere cutlures sharing cutlures for example asian subculture in rusholme
woodabe tribe of nomads 45000 sahran fringe
mutiple marriages, dance competions marry cousin second marraige fro love large familys
what is identity
identity is a socal construct where the interpretaitons of other people accents. refers to how individuals see and define themsleves and how other people see and define them. seperated into choses aspects of identity and unchoses
examples of aspects of identity
age sex preference talents skin colour gendrer etc
what is status
refers to the amount of social prestige an indivudal, group or family possesses , achived and ascribbed status. involuataryt something boern with eg race or gender and achieved is what refelcts our work ethic eg income level
what are roles
social roles are patterns of behaviour expected of certian people in socitety according to there particular position in society. roles during the day are school and work etc . roles can often come into conflict for example, school det and extrsa curriculars
what is social differentation
refers to the ways we draw significant distinctiions beetween groups classified into four main catigroys CAGE
