Concepts in Science Exam 2 Flashcards
Wavelength
the distance between crests, or the highest points of adjacent waves
Frequency
number of wave crests that go by in a given second
Period
the time between adjacent waves
Velocity
speed and direction of the wave crest
Amplitude
height of wave crest
Radio waves
ranges from longest waves, to waves only a few meters longs
Microwaves
waves that range in length from 1 meter to 1 millimeter
Doppler Effect
The effect defines the change in frequency of a wavelength relative to the observer
Molecule
Two or more atoms bonded together
Atom
particles that make up the universe
Elements
Substances that can’t be broken down into other materials
Electron
Particle within an atom that carries a negative electrical charge
Nucleus
Center particle of an atom, contains protons and neutrons
Photon
Particle-like bundle of light
Spectrum
Total collection of photons emitted by an atom
Chemical bond
The link between two atoms
Ionic bond
bond where two ions hold the atoms together
Covalent bond
bond where atoms share electrons
Hydrogen bond
bond where a hydrogen atom links with another atom via covalent bond
Gas
state of matter where molecules expand and fill the available volume of its container
Liquid
Molecules that maintain their volume but has no fixed shape
Solid
Molecules that maintain their volume and have a fixed shape
Plasma
High temperature environments (i.e. the surface of the sun) can strip electrons off of atoms creating plasma
Mass number
Number on the periodic table that describes the mass of an element
Neutron
neutrally charged particle within the nucleus of an atom
Proton
positively charged particle within the nucleus of an atom
Isotopes
Atoms of the same elements that possess different masses and varying numbers of neutrons
