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OB > conception chapter 12 > Flashcards

conception chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

conception

A

union of single egg and single sperm

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2
Q

what is included in conception ?

A

EVERYTHING
oogenesis - egg production
spermatogenesis - sperm production
fertilization - sperm meets egg
implantation

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3
Q

gametogenesis

A

formation of gametes (sperm and egg)

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4
Q

ovum

A

has two protective layers
-zona pellucida
-corona radiata

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5
Q

how long after ovulation is an ovum considered fertile ?

A

fertile for 24 hours after ovulation

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6
Q

sperm

A

-capacitation: protective layer on head that falls off
-acrosome: cap on the sperm

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7
Q

how many sperm are in ONE sample of semen ?

A

200-500 million sperm

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8
Q

fertilization

A

process of eggs meeting the sperm, occurs in fallopian tube
-ampulla

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9
Q

what condition do the fallopian tubes need to be in order to conceive ?

A

patent/open
-may be closed d/t STDs, scarring, previous surgeries, PID

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10
Q

zona reaction

A

produces a capsule around the fertilized egg so that no other sperm can penetrate already fertilized egg

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11
Q

zygote

A

first cell of the new individual

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12
Q

when does implantation occur ?

A

6-10 days after fertilization

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13
Q

implantation

A

travels down fallopian tube and implants into the uterine wall

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14
Q

why does implantation sometimes get confused for a period ?

A

implantation may cause bleeding/spotting
-ask what last period looked like, ask if it was normal

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15
Q

dating pregnancy

A

based off of the date of the first day of last menstrual cycle
(40 weeks from last period)

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16
Q

length of fetal development

A

38 weeks

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17
Q

primary germ layers
ectoderm

A

gives rise to pituitary gland and other glands, nails, hair, skin - epidermis, CNS/PNS, lens of eye

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18
Q

primary germ layers
mesoderm

A

gives rise to bladder, urethra, cardiovascular system, muscles, BIG organ systems, bones, spleen

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19
Q

primary germ layers
endoderm

A

gives rise to inside of bladder, epithelial lining of digestive tract and respiratory, oropharynx, parts of liver

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20
Q

stages of development

A

pre embryonic (ovum)
embryonic
fetal

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21
Q

embryonic stage
embryo

A

day 15 until 8 weeks after conception
MOST critical time for development

22
Q

what are we worried about during embryonic stage ?

A

teratogenic exposure

23
Q

membranes that surround the developing embryo, develop the amniotic cavity

A

chorion
amniotic

24
Q

amniotic fluid components

A

albumin, creatinine, leukocytes, enzymes, baby pee

25
Q

amniotic fluid functions

A

protects baby from shock, reflection of baby’s renal function

26
Q

normal amniotic fluid volume

A

700 to 1,000 mL at time of delivery

27
Q

when do we see an increase in amniotic fluid and why ?

A

around 11 weeks d/t baby pee

28
Q

oligohydramnios

A

lack of amniotic fluid
less than 300 mL at time of delivery

29
Q

polyhydramnios

A

excessive amniotic fluid
more than 2,000 mL at time of delivery

30
Q

why are we worried about premature rupture of membranes (water breaks early) ?

A

injury and infection to baby

31
Q

amniocentesis
(when can you perform this)

A

as early as wk 14 embryonically
typically wk 16-18 of gestation

32
Q

why would we give mom RhoGam during pregnancy ?

A

if mom is Rh negative
-at time of amniocentesis
-1st trimester bleeding/spotting

33
Q

yolk sac

A

aids in transferring maternal nutrients and oxygen for the first 5-6 weeks

34
Q

umbilical cord

A

2 arteries, 1 vein (AVA)

35
Q

wharton’s jelly

A

connective goo around arteries and vein, protect the cord to prevent collapse

36
Q

nuchal cord

A

cord wrapped around the neck
-not emergent, but still needs to be fixed

37
Q

placenta

A

starts to develop around 10-11 wks
complete by wk 12

38
Q

placenta functions

A

nutrient transport, blood and oxygen supply
-produces hormones: progesterone, HcG, estrogen

39
Q

when can HcG be detected ?

A

8-10 days after fertilization occurs

40
Q

when can you start to see structures in the uterus ?

A

6 weeks gestation

41
Q

fetal stage

A

9 wk until end of pregnancy

42
Q

fetal maturation

A

fetal structures are maturing

43
Q

viability

A

capability of the fetus to survive outside of the uterus

44
Q

viability threshold

A

22 to 24 wks gestationally

45
Q

dizygotic

A

2 separate ovas are released
fraternal twins

46
Q

monozygotic

A

1 ova that divides into 2
identical twins

47
Q

conjoined

A

monozygotic that never fully separates

48
Q

dichorionic/diamniotic

A

babies have own placentas and have own amniotic sacs

49
Q

monochorionic/diamniotic

A

share one placenta but have separate amniotic sacs

50
Q

monochorionic/monoamniotic

A

MOST DANGEROUS
share placenta and amniotic sac

51
Q

twin to twin transfusion

A

one twin becomes the donor and all nutrients shunt to recipient twin
-one fat and one skinny baby

OB (4 decks)

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