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OB exam 2 > Conception and Fetal Development > Flashcards

Conception and Fetal Development Flashcards

exam 2

1
Q

presumptive sign of pregnancy

A

can presume it may be due to pregnancy
-is subjective

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2
Q

probable sign of pregnancy

A

probably due to pregnancy but can be due to something else
-is objective

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3
Q

positive sign of pregnancy

A

diagnostic of pregnancy, can be due to nothing else other than a viable pregnancy

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4
Q

Chadwicks sign

A

bluish purple discoloration of vagina and cervix

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5
Q

chloasma

A

hyperpigmentation in the face (mask of pregnancy)

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6
Q

amenorrhea

A

absence of menstrual period

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7
Q

goodells sign

A

softening of cervix

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8
Q

quickening

A

fluttering, when you are first aware you are feeling something
usually at 20 weeks

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9
Q

ballottement

A

passive fetal movement caused by pushing up against cervix
practitioner feels rebound

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10
Q

heagars sign

A

softening of lower uterine segment

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11
Q

uterine souffle

A

hearing blood go through uterine vessels (alignment with moms HR)

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12
Q

funic souffle

A

hearing blood rushing through umbilical vein (alignment with baby HR)

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13
Q

presumptive signs of pregnancy

A

nausea
amenorrhea
urinary frequency
quickening
breast tenderness

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14
Q

probable signs of pregnancy

A

chadwicks sign
chloasma
goodells sign
+ pregnancy test
uterine souffle
uterine enlargement
abdominal striae

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15
Q

positive signs of pregnancy

A

fetal heartbeat
ultrasound visualization
palpable fetal movement
funic souffle

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16
Q

whartons jelly

A

protective substance in the umbilical cord, provides cushion around the umbilical vessels

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17
Q

umbilical vein

A

carries the oxygenated blood to the fetus

18
Q

HCG

A

hormone that is the basis for pregnancy tests

19
Q

Amniotic fluid

A

Protects the fetus from trauma

20
Q

cardiovascular system

A

First embryonic system to function in baby

21
Q

ductus venosus

A

shunts blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava (bypassing fetal liver)

22
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

Shunts blood from pulmonary artery to aorta (bypassing fetal lungs)

23
Q

Foramen ovale

A

Shunts blood from the right atrium to the left atrium (bypassing the fetal lungs)

24
Q

Pulmonary surfactant

A

substances produced by the fetus that reduce surface tension in the lungs to maintain the alveolar sacs open

25
Q

meconium

A

end products of fetal metabolism

26
Q

Pregnancy hormones

A

HCG
Progesterone
Estrogen
HPL

27
Q

what is HCG produced by?

A

the zygote (cluster of cells)

28
Q

HCG effects on pregnancy

A

keeps the corpus luteum alive
doubles every 48 hrs

*higher in doubles (twins), increased nasuea with doubles (twins)

29
Q

what is progesterone produced by?

A

corpus luteum till 12 weeks, then produced by the placenta

30
Q

progesterone effects on pregnancy

A

maintains endometirum
smooth muscle relaxant (uterus)
“the hormone of pregnancy” - needed for successful pregnancy
“hot hormone” of menstrual cycle
causes pyrosis
constipation

31
Q

what is estrogen produced by?

A

corpus luteum until 12 weeks, then produced by the placenta

32
Q

estrogen effects on pregnancy

A

stimulates growth
increases vascularity and perfusion
“cold hormone” in menstrual cycle
goodells sign
breast tenderness
change in taste/smell
bleeding gums
nose bleeds, nasal stuffiness

33
Q

what is HPL (human placental lactogen) produced by?

A

zygote till 12 weeks, then produced by the placenta

34
Q

HPL effects on pregnancy

A

lactation
increased metabolism, glucose metabolism
insulin antagonist
can cause gestational diabetes

35
Q

umbilical cord

A

3 vessels
A- artery; carry waste from fetus to placenta
V- vein; oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus
A- artery; carry waste from fetus to placenta

36
Q

fetal circulation

A

higher pressure from right to left

37
Q

neonate circulation

A

higher from left to right

38
Q

fetal circulation

A

placenta - umbilical vein - ductus venosus (bypass fetal liver) - inferior vena cava - right atrium SPLIT

right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - ductus arteriosus (bypass fetal lungs) - aorta - body

right atrium- foramen ovale (bypass fetal lungs) - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta - body

39
Q

zygote

A

single cell with 23 chromosomes from both mother and father

46 total chromosomes

40
Q

oligiohydramnios

A

too little amniotic fluid
less than 400 mL

41
Q

hydramnios/ polyhydramnios

A

too much amniotic fluid
greater than 2000 mL

OB exam 2 (7 decks)

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