Conception Flashcards
Meiotic process by which male gametes are produced
spermatogenesis
Meiotic process by which female gametes are produced
oogenesis
production of sperm begins at puberty in response to _________ (male hormone)
testosterone
pH of sperm
slightly alkaline
helps neutralize the normally acidic female vagina
lifespan of sperm
48-72 hours after ejaculation
average time for sperm to travel to egg
4-6 hours; but can be as little as 5 minutes
oocytes form by ____ weeks of gestation
12
ovulation occurs _____ days before the next menstrual period
14 +/- 2 days
of chromosomes
46 total
23 from each parents
22 pairs of chromosome, leaving 2 chromosome to determine the sex
_____ secretes HCG to make sure that the corpus luteum remains viable
blastocyst
16 cells (3rd day)
first weeks of human development
morula
outer layer of cells; develops projections (chorionic villi)
(first weeks of human development)
trophoblast
inner layer of cells; outer layers are chorionic villi; implants 6-7days after fetilization
(first weeks of human development)
blastocyst
corpus luteum secretes _____ and ______ first 2-3 months of pregnancy
estrogen and progesterone
blastocyst is implanted ______ days after ovulation
6-8 days
site of implantation
upper portion of uterus
______ changes cervical mucus and endometrium to mature the uterine lining for implantation
progesterone
______ prevents pregnancy
progestin
(period/stage of growth)
conception to day 14
ovum
(period/stage of growth)
day 15 to 8 weeks
most critical time
organs are forming
embryonic stage
(period/stage of growth)
8 weeks to birth
fetus
(germ layer of cells)
trophoblast (outer layer) develops into the placenta, integument, neural tissue and glands
ectoderm
(germ layer of cells)
forms muscles, bones, connective tissue, circulatory system, and genitourinary system
mesoderm
(germ layer of cells)
digestive, respiratory, and parts of GU system formed
endoderm
inner membranes that surround the baby
amniotic sac
- within the sac and around the baby
- source of oral fluid for fetus
- repository for wastes (urine and meconium)
- assists in lung development
- transparent yellow liquid
amniotic fluid
<300 mL of AF
associated with fetal kidney obstruction or renal agenesis
oligohydramnios
> 2000 mL of AF
associated with esophageal atresia with severe CNS anomalies
polyhydramnios
functions of amniotic fluid
- protects fetus from mechanical injury and infection
- maintains stable thermal environment
- helps in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis
- allows freedome of movement for baby
when baby bounces against examiner’s hand
ballottment
pH of amniotic fluid
alkaline
turns nitrazine paper blue
amniotic fluid contains _____ and ______, which are the major component of surfactant
Lecithin and Sphingomyelin
L/S ratio
2:1
nursing action for rupture of membranes (ROM)
always check the fetal monitor for decelerations in fetal heart rate
increase in _____ levels can indicate of pregnancy
usually found in the pregnancy tests
HCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin)
- provides nutrients (O2) and removes wastes (CO2) for the fetus
- metabolizes drugs and other substances
- produces hormones estrogen/progesterone for maintenance of pregnancy
placenta
umbilical cord carries ___ arteries and ____ vein
2 arteries; 1 vein
artery carries _____ blood while vein carries _____ blood
deoxygenated; oxygenated
progesterone _____ uterine muscle
RELAXES;
can prevent spontaneous abortion; it slows down for the pregnancy to allow pro-life
