concept of self Flashcards
What is the self in personality psychology?
The self refers to how individuals observe, interpret, and define themselves based on their behaviors, thoughts, and emotions. It includes physical, emotional, cognitive, and functional aspects.
What are the three components of the self?
Self-Concept – How we perceive and define ourselves.
Self-Esteem – Our evaluation of self-worth.
Social Identity – How we define ourselves in relation to society.
What is self-concept and why is it important?
Self-concept is how a person understands and defines themselves, including their beliefs, values, and identity. It helps people maintain a positive self-image and seek self-confirmation.
🔹 Example: A student who believes they are hardworking will seek challenges to reinforce this belief.
What are the three key aspects of self-concept?
Desire for self-knowledge – People naturally want to learn about themselves.
Self-confirmation – Seeking experiences that validate self-perception.
Maintaining a positive self-image – Integrating new positive self-knowledge.
How is self-esteem different from self-concept?
Self-esteem is the evaluation of one’s own worth and value.
Self-concept is the understanding of oneself, including strengths and weaknesses.
🔹 Example: Someone may have a positive self-concept as a leader but low self-esteem if they doubt their abilities.
What influences self-esteem?
Need for appreciation and respect.
Life experiences, successes, and failures.
Social feedback and relationships.
🔹 Example: Positive feedback from a boss can boost self-esteem, while repeated failures can lower it.
What is social identity?
Social identity is how a person defines themselves in relation to society and interactions with others. It answers the question: “Who am I?”
🔹 Example: A person may see themselves as a teacher, parent, or activist, shaping their social identity.
What are the components of social identity?
Perception of others – How people think others see them.
Interpersonal style – How they interact with others.
Reputation – Their social standing.
Perceived potential – What they believe they can achieve.
Values and principles – Moral beliefs that guide them.
Continuity & differentiation – Maintaining identity over time while staying unique.
How does culture influence self-development?
Individualistic cultures (USA, UK) – Promote independence and uniqueness.
Collectivist cultures (Japan, China) – Emphasize group harmony and social roles.
🔹 Example: A person in the USA may define themselves as “self-made,” while someone in Japan may see their identity as tied to family honor.
What life experiences and events impact self-development?
Successes & failures shape self-esteem.
Traumatic events can alter self-concept.
Major life changes (marriage, career shifts, loss of a loved one) force self-redefinition.
🔹 Example: A person who loses their job may struggle with their self-worth and identity
What is the effect of history of success and failure on self-concept?
Repeated success builds confidence and a strong self-concept.
Repeated failure may lead to self-doubt and lower self-esteem.
🔹 Example: A musician who wins many competitions may identify as talented, while repeated losses may lead them to believe they are not good enough.
How does age, illness, or trauma affect self-identity?
Aging can lead to changes in self-perception (e.g., retirement may challenge self-worth).
Chronic illness may alter one’s sense of independence.
Trauma may cause a re-evaluation of life and identity.
🔹 Example: A young athlete injured in an accident may struggle with their identity beyond sports.
Why is self-concept a lifelong process?
Self-concept evolves across life stages as people gain experiences, face challenges, and adapt to new roles.
🔹 Example: A person’s identity as a student changes to a professional, then later to a mentor or leader.
What role does internal and external resources play in self-esteem?
Internal resources (resilience, intelligence) help in overcoming difficulties.
External resources (financial stability, social support) provide security and growth opportunities.
🔹 Example: A student with strong family support is more likely to develop confidence and a positive self-view.
How do major crises shape self-identity?
Crises force people to reevaluate their self-concept, priorities, and personal strengths.
🔹 Example: Someone who survives a near-death experience may shift their identity towards spirituality or personal growth.
